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		<title>Legal forms company / enterprise (real estate): GbR, KG, GmbH, AG &#038; Co. &#8211; comparison, advantages and taxes</title>
		<link>https://lukinski.com/legal-forms-company-enterprise-real-estate-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-comparison-advantages-and-taxes/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[L_kinski]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2021 14:01:39 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Finances]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[Legal forms &#8211; What types of company are there? If you want to found your first company, then the choice of the legal form is one of the first steps in the process of founding a company. Whether it is a special real estate company or a start-up, here I have summarized all types of [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Legal forms &#8211; What types of company are there? If you want to found your first company, then the choice of the legal form is one of the first steps in the process of founding a company. Whether it is a special real estate company or a start-up, here I have summarized all types of companies in Germany for you. In this list of companies you will find explanations, advantages, disadvantages, costs, the process with checklists and requirements, for each type of company. In addition, especially for real estate owners, as an extra: <a href="https://lukinski.com/legal-forms-company-enterprise-real-estate-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-comparison-advantages-and-taxes/#Immobilien_GmbH_Vermogensverwaltende_GmbH" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/rechtsformen-firma-unternehmen-immobilien-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-vergleich-vorteile-steuern/#Immobilien_GmbH_Vermogensverwaltende_GmbH" data-id="39941">real estate GmbH</a> (asset-managing GmbH) and <a href="https://lukinski.com/legal-forms-company-enterprise-real-estate-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-comparison-advantages-and-taxes/#Familienstiftung" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/rechtsformen-firma-unternehmen-immobilien-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-vergleich-vorteile-steuern/#Familienstiftung" data-id="39941">family foundation</a> with tax advantages. All legal forms in one list! Your first company? Learn how it works here: <a href="https://lukinski.com/founding-a-company-real-estate-procedure-costs-requirements-legal-forms-7-step-checklist/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/firma-gruenden-immobilien-ablauf-kosten-voraussetzungen-rechtsformen-schritte-checkliste/" data-id="45259">Founding a company</a>.</p>
<h2>Real estate company: Start a business</h2>
<p>You want to <a href="https://lukinski.com/buying-real-estate-apartment-house-villa-apartment-building-process-costs-and-tips/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilie-kaufen-wohnung-haus-villa-mehrfamilienhaus-ablauf-kosten-tipps/" data-id="45388">buy</a> your <a href="https://lukinski.com/buying-real-estate-apartment-house-villa-apartment-building-process-costs-and-tips/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilie-kaufen-wohnung-haus-villa-mehrfamilienhaus-ablauf-kosten-tipps/" data-id="45388">first property</a> and <a href="https://lukinski.com/apartment-house-rent-property-tax-advice/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/wohnung-haus-vermieten-was-ist-zu-beachten-immobilie-steuer-ratgeber/" data-id="29941">rent</a> it out? You have <a href="https://lukinski.com/inherited-parental-home-sell-rent-or-use-yourself/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/elternhaus-geerbt-verkaufen-vermieten-selber-nutzen/">inherited</a> a <a href="https://lukinski.com/inherited-parental-home-sell-rent-or-use-yourself/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/elternhaus-geerbt-verkaufen-vermieten-selber-nutzen/">property</a> and now you want to be active in property management, property administration and other related areas or even more, you want to become a property investor yourself? Then the big question is, which company is right for you? What is the first step?</p>
<p>Basically, you have many different possibilities and options how you can set up your business for the future. Roughly explained, everything starts with the sole proprietorship and goes over individual and cooperation models such as OHG and UG to the GmbH.</p>
<p>To give you a first overview, I have written this guide to the different types of companies for you. Here you will get to know the different possibilities you have as a founder in Germany. Definitions, tips for founding, advantages, disadvantages, as well as taxes. Everything you need to have a good basis for decision-making.</p>
<h3>Factors: Property type, rental, structure</h3>
<p>There is the right type of company for every type of property (condominium, apartment building or property in need of renovation), for the type of rental and structure, depending on your personal requirements. If you later have several properties in your portfolio, you will also choose different company types for the individual properties.</p>
<blockquote><p>If you are facing the question for the first time: Which company should I found? Here is an overview of all company forms</p></blockquote>
<p>From the beginnings, as an individual businessman &#038; businesswoman, to simple forms of cooperation with other business partners, to the <a href="https://lukinski.com/immobilien-gmbh-german-real-estate-loophole-leasing-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-gmbh-vermoegensverwaltende-gmbh-vorteile-nachteile-kosten-immobilienkauf/" data-id="31308">real estate GmbH</a> and finally AG.</p>
<h3>Company: List</h3>
<ol>
<li>Sole trader / sole proprietor</li>
<li>Civil law partnership (GbR)</li>
<li>Registered businessman (e.K.)</li>
<li>General partnership (OHG)</li>
<li>Limited partnership (KG)</li>
<li>Entrepreneurial company (UG)</li>
<li>Limited liability company (GmbH)</li>
<li>GmbH &#038; Co KG, GmbH &#038; Co OHG</li>
<li>Stock corporation (AG)</li>
</ol>
<p>Also in focus:</p>
<ol>
<li>Real estate GmbH / Asset management GmbH</li>
<li>Family Foundation</li>
</ol>
<p>Tip. According to the company list I still have:</p>
<ol>
<li>Tips for your first real estate purchase</li>
<li>Tips on the start-up process</li>
</ol>
<p>The larger the company, the more tasks and resources have to be delegated.</p>
<p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-36453" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/firma-unternehmen-gmbh-gesellschaft-beschraenkte-haftung-business-meeting-gruppe-architekt-bautraeger-inhaber-team-quartier-hamburg-start.jpg" alt="" width="1200" height="800" /></p>
<p>Let&#8217;s start the sole proprietor and sole trader:</p>
<h2>Sole trader / sole proprietor</h2>
<p>The sole proprietorship is a German legal form which &#8211; as the name suggests &#8211; is founded and managed by a single person. This includes freelancers, small traders and registered traders. Would you like to become self-employed and learn more about the topic of &#8220;forms of business law and the real estate industry&#8221;? Learn everything you need to know about sole proprietorships here.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/einzelunternehmen-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-type="post" data-id="34039">Sole proprietorship</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Registered businessman (e.K.)</h2>
<p>Eingetragener Kaufmann (e. Kfm.) / Eingetragene Kauffrau (e. Kfr.) / Registered merchants (e. K.) &#8211; The registered merchants embody a German legal form variant, which is based on the corporate legal form of the sole proprietorship (EU). This is therefore a company that is founded and managed by a single person and is also obliged to be entered in the commercial register &#8211; hence the name.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/registered-businessman-registered-businesswoman-e-k-foundation-financing-liability-co/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/eingetragener-kaufmann-eingetragene-kauffrau-e-k-gruendung-finanzierung-haftung/" data-id="45151">Registered businessman / registered businesswoman (e. K.)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/registered-businessman-registered-businesswoman-e-k-foundation-financing-liability-co/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/eingetragener-kaufmann-eingetragene-kauffrau-e-k-gruendung-finanzierung-haftung/" data-id="45151"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/zwischenfinanzierung-immobilie-mietkauf-vermieten-einziehen-mann-unterschrift-vertrag-bank-blaues-hemd.jpg"/></a></p>
<h2>Civil law partnership (GbR)</h2>
<p>A civil law partnership is a German legal form established by two or more persons for a certain period of time in order to conduct a certain business together or to achieve a common goal. It is therefore always for a specific purpose and usually exists only as long as the joint venture has not yet been completed. As the name suggests, it is governed by civil law and is therefore often referred to as a BGB partnership. Would you like to join forces with other people and learn more about the topic of &#8220;forms of business law and the real estate industry&#8221; in advance? Learn everything you need to know about setting up a GbR here.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/civil-law-partnership-gbr-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/gesellschaft-buergerlichen-rechts-gbr-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45277">Civil law partnership (GbR)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/civil-law-partnership-gbr-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/gesellschaft-buergerlichen-rechts-gbr-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45277"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/firma-unternehmen-gbr-immobilien-gbr-form-haus-wohnung-agentur-beratung-leer-arbeitsplatz-immobilienmakler-grunden-vermieten-handeln.jpg"/></a></p>
<h2>General partnership (OHG)</h2>
<p>The general partnership is a German legal form founded by two or more persons and managed by at least one partner. As the name suggests, it is primarily geared towards commercial business and is thus subject to the German Commercial Code (HGB) in the legal sense. Would you like to join forces with other people and learn more about the topic of &#8220;business legal forms and the real estate industry&#8221; in advance? Let&#8217;s start, step by step, the OHG.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/general-partnership-ohg-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/offene-handelsgesellschaft-ohg-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45276">General partnership (OHG)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/general-partnership-ohg-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/offene-handelsgesellschaft-ohg-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45276"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/firma-unternehmen-immobilie-ohg-offene-handelsgesellschaft-unternehmerin-frau-wohnung-haus-vermieten-anfang-start-vorteile-nachteile.jpg"/></a></p>
<h2>Limited partnership (KG)</h2>
<p>The limited partnership is a German legal form founded by two or more persons and managed by at least one partner. The main feature of this legal form of company is the division of liability risk: at least one partner has unlimited liability and at least one partner has exclusive business liability with his contribution.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/limited-partnership-kg-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/kommanditgesellschaft-kg-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45266">Limited partnership (KG)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/limited-partnership-kg-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/kommanditgesellschaft-kg-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45266"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/firma-unternehmen-immobilie-ag-aktiengesellschaft-buero-agentur-glassbau-berlin-offnungszeiten-boerse-vorteile-nachteile-wachstum.jpg"/></a></p>
<h2>Entrepreneurial company (UG)</h2>
<p>Unternehmergesellschaft / UG (haftungsbeschränkt) &#8211; The Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt) is a German legal form based on the legal form of the Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH). It is considered to be the little sister of the GmbH and is therefore often referred to as the &#8220;mini-GmbH&#8221;. In principle, there are only minor differences between the UG (haftungsbeschränkt) and the GmbH from a legal perspective.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/unternehmergesellschaft-ug-haftungsbeschraenkt-foundation-financing-liability-co/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/unternehmergesellschaft-ug-haftungsbeschraenkt-gruendung-finanzierung-haftung/" data-id="45157">Entrepreneurial company (UG)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/unternehmergesellschaft-ug-haftungsbeschraenkt-foundation-financing-liability-co/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/unternehmergesellschaft-ug-haftungsbeschraenkt-gruendung-finanzierung-haftung/" data-id="45157"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/firma-unternehmen-ug-unternehmergesellschaft-wenig-eigenkapital-gruenden-ausstattung-planung-anschaffung-vorteile-nachteile-grunden.jpg"/></a></p>
<h2>Limited liability company (GmbH)</h2>
<p>GmbH, GmbH &amp; Co KG, GmbH &amp; Co OHG &#8211; The limited liability company is a German legal form that is founded by at least one person and managed by at least one shareholder. As the name already indicates, this legal form of company is characterised by a limitation of liability for its shareholder(s). Everything you need to know about taxes and real estate trading.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/limited-liability-company-gmbh-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/gesellschaft-mit-beschraenkter-haftung-gmbh-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45253">GmbH: Limited liability company</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/limited-liability-company-gmbh-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/gesellschaft-mit-beschraenkter-haftung-gmbh-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45253"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/firma-gruenden-immobilien-ablauf-kosten-voraussetzungen-rechtsformen-schritte-checkliste-gesellschafter-beratung-start-startkapital-finanzierung.jpg"/></a></p>
<h3>Real estate GmbH / Asset management GmbH &#8211; Special</h3>
<p>Immobilien GmbH / Vermögensverwaltende GmbH / Immobiliengesellschaft &#8211; In this article you will learn the basics about real estate companies. Who would think of founding a limited liability company when buying a house or a condominium? Admittedly, this makes no sense for owner-occupation, but it does for renting.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/immobilien-gmbh-german-real-estate-loophole-leasing-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-gmbh-vermoegensverwaltende-gmbh-vorteile-nachteile-kosten-immobilienkauf/" data-id="31308">Real estate GmbH / Asset management GmbH</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Here still special case GmbH &amp; Co KG, GmbH &amp; Co OHG, no person GmbH, one person GmbH, two person GmbH and the organs of a GmbH.</p>
<h3>GmbH &#038; Co KG</h3>
<p>GmbH &amp; Co KG &#8211; The GmbH &amp; Co KG is a German legal form which combines the corporate legal form of the limited partnership (KG) with a limited liability company (GmbH). Thus, the greatest advantages of both legal forms &#8211; the separation between general partner &amp; capital provider typical for the KG plus the limitation of liability of the GmbH &#8211; intertwine and enable an innovative, new form of structuring for start-ups.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/gmbh-co-kg-foundation-management-liability-co/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/gmbh-co-kg-gruendung-geschaeftsfuehrung-haftung/" data-id="45142">GmbH &#038; Co KG</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>GmbH &#038; Co OHG</h3>
<p>GmbH &amp; Co OHG &#8211; The GmbH &amp; Co OHG is a German legal form which combines the corporate legal form of the general partnership (OHG) with a limited liability company (GmbH). Thus, the greatest advantages of both legal forms &#8211; the uncomplicated formation typical for the OHG as well as equality of all shareholders plus the limitation of liability of the GmbH &#8211; intertwine and enable an innovative, new form of organization for start-ups.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/gmbh-co-ohg-formation-management-liability-co/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/gmbh-co-ohg-gruendung-geschaeftsfuehrung-haftung/" data-id="45254">GmbH &#038; Co OHG</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>No-Person-GmbH</h3>
<p>No-Person GmbH &#8211; The model for a GmbH without shareholders! By appointing new shareholders or leaving existing shareholders, the limited company model you choose can easily change. Whether it&#8217;s a one-person company, a two-person limited company or even a company that operates without shareholders at all&#8230;. In each case, there are specifics that you should be aware of as they deviate from the norm of the traditional limited liability company.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/no-person-gmbh-inheritance-donation-termination-other-causes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/kein-personen-gmbh-erbschaft-schenkung-kuendigung-andere-ursachen/" data-id="45178">No-Person-GmbH</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>One-person limited liability company</h3>
<p>One-person GmbH &#8211; The GmbH model for solo founders! By appointing new shareholders or leaving existing shareholders, the GmbH model you have chosen can easily change.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/one-person-limited-liability-company-origins-special-features/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/ein-personen-gmbh-entstehung-besonderheiten/" data-id="45183">One-person limited liability company</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Two-person limited liability company</h3>
<p>Two-person GmbH &#8211; The GmbH model for founding duos! By appointing new shareholders or leaving existing shareholders, the GmbH model you have chosen can easily change.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/two-person-limited-liability-company-formation-equality-protection/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/zwei-personen-gmbh-entstehung-gleichstellung-absicherung/" data-id="45187">Two-person limited liability company</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Corporate bodies of a limited liability company</h3>
<p>A limited liability company consists of several bodies. The managing directors deal with the day-to-day business and other matters of the company and represent their company externally in accordance with the GmbHG. The supervisory board is required by law above a certain number of employees and acts as a controlling body of the company by appointing and advising the management, but also by monitoring and, in case of doubt, dismissing it. Alternatively, its establishment can also be determined within the framework of the articles of association. The shareholders&#8217; meeting acts as the decision-making body of the GmbH.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/organs-of-a-gmbh-managing-director-supervisory-board-company-meeting/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/organe-einer-gmbh-geschaeftsfuehrer-aufsichtsrat-gesellschaftsversammlung/" data-id="45196">Corporate bodies of a limited liability company</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Stock corporation (AG)</h2>
<p>Aktiengesellschaft (AG) &#8211; The stock corporation is a German legal form founded by at least one person and organized by different bodies. Instead of a managing director, the company is managed by a board of directors consisting of at least one person. As the name already indicates, this corporate legal form primarily stands for share trading.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/stock-corporation-ag-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/aktiengesellschaft-ag-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45176">Stock corporation (AG)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/stock-corporation-ag-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/aktiengesellschaft-ag-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45176"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/firma-unternehmen-immobilie-ag-aktiengesellschaft-besprechungsraum-meeting-off-market-immobilien-bauherren-investoren-trueber-tag-berlin-nebel-hochaus.jpg"/></a></p>
<p>In addition, the special case of real estate stock corporations (REIT-AG).</p>
<h3>Real estate stock corporation (REIT-AG)</h3>
<p>Real estate stock corporation / REIT-AG &#8211; You don&#8217;t find the idea of a stock corporation bad at all and are now wondering how you can combine your capital company with the real estate industry? A real estate company is a company that serves the financing, development, realization, leasing, or marketing of real estate &#8211; starting with a single property up to a real estate portfolio in the three or multi-digit range. The management of real estate property or third-party real estate on behalf of third parties can also be handled by a real estate company.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-stock-corporation-reit-ag-real-estate-management-stock-exchange-listing/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilienaktiengesellschaft-reit-ag-immobilienbewirtschaftung-boersennotierung/" data-id="45167">Real estate stock corporation (REIT-AG)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-stock-corporation-reit-ag-real-estate-management-stock-exchange-listing/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilienaktiengesellschaft-reit-ag-immobilienbewirtschaftung-boersennotierung/" data-id="45167"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/firma-unternehmen-immobilie-ag-aktiengesellschaft-neubau-hochhaus-mehrfamilienhaus-buero-wohnen-baufirma-pruefung-rendite.jpg"/></a></p>
<h3>Types of shares</h3>
<p>Types of Stocks &#8211; A corporation, as the name suggests, deals with stock trading. I&#8217;m sure you&#8217;ve heard that stocks can go up and down. You may also know someone who has invested their wealth in stocks. But what exactly is a share? In a nutshell, a share is a document that determines your entitlement to the share capital of a public limited company and guarantees you a fixed share of the profits. In this context, there is often talk of &#8220;securitising a claim&#8221;.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/types-of-shares-transferability-legal-scope-share-capital-breakdown/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/aktienarten-uebertragbarkeit-rechtsumfang-grundkapital-zerlegung/" data-id="45250">Types of shares</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>AG in detail: Management Board and Supervisory Board</h3>
<p>The management board of a joint stock company deals with the day-to-day business and other matters of the company and represents the joint stock company externally.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/management-board-governing-body-of-a-stock-corporation-ag/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/vorstand-leitorgan-einer-aktiengesellschaft-ag/" data-id="45248">Board of directors</a></li>
</ul>
<p>The Supervisory Board is a legally prescribed self-monitoring body that appoints and monitors the individual members of the Management Board and, in case of doubt, also removes them. Furthermore, it is responsible for the written reporting of the annual financial statements as well as for business reports.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/supervisory-board-controlling-body-of-a-stock-corporation-ag/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/aufsichtsrat-kontrollorgan-einer-aktiengesellschaft-ag/" data-id="45241">Board of directors</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Annual General Meeting</h3>
<p>The Annual General Meeting acts as the decision-making body of the stock corporation.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/annual-general-meeting-decision-making-body-of-a-stock-corporation-ag/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/hauptversammlung-beschlussorgan-einer-aktiengesellschaft-ag/" data-id="45230">Annual General Meeting</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Limitation of liability for AG bodies</h3>
<p>Limitation of liability for AG executive bodies &#8211; In the event of a loss, the stock corporation as a legal entity under private law is, to a certain extent, subject to a limitation of liability, because the liability &#8211; apart from a few rare exceptions &#8211; exclusively burdens the business assets of the company. In the external relationship, therefore, only the share capital is liable for any losses. In the internal relationship, however, the liability claim may vary depending on the governing body of the AG.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/limitation-of-liability-for-ag-bodies-internal-relationship/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/haftungsbeschraenkung-fuer-ag-organe-innenverhaeltnis/" data-id="45190">Limitation of liability for AG bodies</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Societas Europaea (SE)</h2>
<p>Societas Europaea (SE) &#8211; The Societas Europaea is a legal form that was introduced with regard to harmonization efforts at the European level. In German usage, the terms &#8220;Europäische Gesellschaft&#8221; or &#8220;Europäische Aktiengesellschaft&#8221; and Europa AG are therefore also commonly used. Characteristic features of a Societas Europaea are, above all, the simplification of cross-border business activities in EU member states and EEA countries through largely uniform legal bases and the personnel policy framework with regard to the co-determination rights of employees of the company.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/societas-europaea-se-formation-law-taxes-advantages-co/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/societas-europaea-se-gruendung-recht-steuern-vorteile/" data-id="45212">Societas Europaea (SE)</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Foundation / Family Foundation</h2>
<p>Saving taxes with real estate &#8211; In this special article I will take a deep look into the subject of foundations, family foundations, real estate purchases, taxes and tax optimization. The establishment of a foundation, more specifically a family foundation has many advantages for you. From tax-free capital gains after speculation tax to low, 15 percent taxation of rental income. In this article you will learn how this works, how you can set up a foundation and how your grandchildren will still benefit from it.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/familienstiftungen-explained-german-real-estate-how-tax-tricks-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/familienstiftung-gruenden-immobilien-steuern-koerperschaftssteuer-mieteinnahmen/" data-id="31311">Family Foundation</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/familienstiftungen-explained-german-real-estate-how-tax-tricks-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/familienstiftung-gruenden-immobilien-steuern-koerperschaftssteuer-mieteinnahmen/" data-id="31311"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/stiftung-familienstiftung-vermoegen-berlin-mitte-architektur-altbau-exklusive-eigentuemswohnungen-vermieten-immobilien-gmbh-oder-stiftung-ratgeber.jpg"/></a></p>
<h2>Founding a company: Process, costs, requirements, legal forms &#8211; 7 steps checklist</h2>
<p>You want to found your first company? Requirements for you as a founder, share capital, shareholder agreements, costs for the foundation, legal forms and checklists. This sounds complicated for beginners, but it is actually quite simple. The process of founding a company is usually relatively the same. I have summarized the foundation here once in simple steps, for you. Learn how to start your own business. After the great guide to all <a href="https://lukinski.com/legal-forms-company-enterprise-real-estate-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-comparison-advantages-and-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/rechtsformen-firma-unternehmen-immobilien-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-vergleich-vorteile-steuern" data-id="39941">legal forms</a> or types of companies, today a detailed look at the establishment of a (real estate) company for beginners.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/founding-a-company-real-estate-procedure-costs-requirements-legal-forms-7-step-checklist/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/firma-gruenden-immobilien-ablauf-kosten-voraussetzungen-rechtsformen-schritte-checkliste/" data-id="45259">Form a company</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Company formation in 7 steps: checklist</h3>
<p>In the article you will find the foundation of a company explained in 7 simple steps. So you have a quick overview.</p>
<p>Checklist to start a company in 7 steps:</p>
<ol>
<li>Type of company: What should I start?</li>
<li>Share capital: amount and forms of enterprise</li>
<li>Company shares: Who brings / gets what?</li>
<li>Shareholder agreement: Preparing the foundation and the business</li>
<li>Notary: Arrange an appointment for the foundation</li>
<li>Business account: Basis financial transactions</li>
<li>Commercial register, trade, tax office and IHK</li>
</ol>
<p>When setting up a company, you move from theory to practice, so to speak. First of all, of course, it&#8217;s about the type or structure of your company. Step one is very basic: you have to choose the right company for your (personal) construct. What factors influence the choice? The factors influencing the choice of company include: Share capital, number of founders or shareholders, liability criteria but also taxes. Learn more about founding a company in 7 steps here:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/founding-a-company-real-estate-procedure-costs-requirements-legal-forms-7-step-checklist/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/firma-gruenden-immobilien-ablauf-kosten-voraussetzungen-rechtsformen-schritte-checkliste/" data-id="45259">Establish a company (real estate)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/founding-a-company-real-estate-procedure-costs-requirements-legal-forms-7-step-checklist/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/firma-gruenden-immobilien-ablauf-kosten-voraussetzungen-rechtsformen-schritte-checkliste/" data-id="45259"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/rechtsformen-firma-unternehmen-immobilien-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-vergleich-vorteile-steuern-mann-buero-auswahl-strategie-immobilienfirma-steueroptimierung.jpg"/></a></p>
<h2>Tax for companies: Taxes in Germany</h2>
<h2><b>Buying your first real estate: Getting Started</b></h2>
<p>The first property is your real &#8220;seed money&#8221;. A good location is the biggest advantage when it comes to returns.</p>
<p>So if you want to start your business, you need good real estate that will give you a solid <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-balance-sheet-profitability-income-properties-real-estate-purchase-and-cash-flow-optimisation/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilienbilanz-rentabilitaet-renditeimmobilien-immobilienkauf-cashflow-optimierung/" data-id="44426">return</a>, which in turn will allow you to make new investments. To do this, you need to learn about the selection and purchase process: how do you find good properties and how do you buy them?</p>
<h3><b>Location, valuation and appreciation</b></h3>
<p>There is a world of difference between a condominium in Dortmund and <a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-hamburg-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-hamburg-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15372">luxury real estate in Hamburg</a>. An apartment building in Braunschweig is easier to get hold of than a <a href="https://lukinski.com/50-million-villa-private-island-30000-plot-off-market-properties/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/villa-berlin-see-fast-30-000-m%c2%b2-grundstueck-off-market-immobilien/" data-id="44395">villa in Berlin-Grunewald</a>. At the same time, the <a href="https://lukinski.com/buy-apartment-house-property-evaluation-procedure-costs-taxes-tenants/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/mehrfamilienhaus-kaufen-immobilie-bewerten-ablauf-kosten-steuern-mieter/" data-id="29898">apartment building</a> (as a type of property itself) is much harder to get than the condominium itself. So it&#8217;s not just apportionment, but also property type, i.e. <a href="https://lukinski.com/house-types-what-types-of-houses-are-there-real-estate-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/haustypen-welche-hausarten-gibt-es-immobilien-ratgeber/" data-id="45421">house</a> type and <a href="https://lukinski.com/apartment-types-what-are-the-types-of-apartments-real-estate-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/wohnungstypen-welche-wohnungsarten-gibt-es-immobilien-ratgeber/" data-id="45380">apartment type</a>. Add to that time, do you need to buy something &#8220;right away&#8221; or do you have time to research and compare?</p>
<p>Your 3 key factors in buying:</p>
<ol>
<li>Location</li>
<li>Property type / property</li>
<li>Time</li>
</ol>
<p>All this and more, must be included in the property valuation and this requires, depending on the type of property, location, demand and supply on site and also the purchase desire. Do you want to buy the property for your portfolio or do you want to live in the property yourself and sell or rent it later, after two, three or four years? Here again comes the value appreciation end game, especially of properties in very desirable locations, such as <a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-berlin-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-berlin-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15369">Berlin</a>, <a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-hamburg-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-hamburg-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15372">Hamburg</a> or <a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-dusseldorf-germany-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-duesseldorf-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15374">Düsseldorf</a>.</p>
<blockquote><p>After the macro perspective, the micro perspective</p></blockquote>
<p>After the macro perspective comes the micro perspective. What features does the property offer? And what construction costs were incurred? How does all of this affect the property, the land, and the future return on rent? From the <a href="https://lukinski.com/garage-and-carport-architecture-weather-resistance-differences/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/garage-und-carport-architektur-wetterbestaendigkeit-unterschiede/">carport</a> for the modern family home, to the spa area for the luxury villa, all factors play into the property valuation.</p>
<p>After finding the right real estate, it is about the <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-evaluate-factors-on-line-free-of-charge-flat-house-multi-family-house/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilie-bewerten-faktoren-online-kostenlos-wohnung-haus-mehrfamilienhaus/" data-id="30172">real estate valuation</a>. The evaluation of house and apartment is very difficult, especially for beginners and beginners. Facts are, for example:</p>
<ul>
<li>Construction costs of the object</li>
<li>Land value</li>
<li>Increase in value</li>
<li>Demand and supply (on site)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Evaluate and buy: More tips</h3>
<p>Learn more about buying real estate here:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/buying-real-estate-apartment-house-villa-apartment-building-process-costs-and-tips/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilie-kaufen-wohnung-haus-villa-mehrfamilienhaus-ablauf-kosten-tipps/" data-id="45388">Buying real estate</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-evaluate-factors-on-line-free-of-charge-flat-house-multi-family-house/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilie-bewerten-faktoren-online-kostenlos-wohnung-haus-mehrfamilienhaus/" data-id="30172">Value real estate</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Here you will find more specific tips for each type <a href="https://lukinski.com/house-types-what-types-of-houses-are-there-real-estate-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/haustypen-welche-hausarten-gibt-es-immobilien-ratgeber/" data-id="45421">of house</a> and <a href="https://lukinski.com/apartment-types-what-are-the-types-of-apartments-real-estate-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/wohnungstypen-welche-wohnungsarten-gibt-es-immobilien-ratgeber/" data-id="45380">apartment</a>:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/buy-apartment-costs-real-estate-agents-renting-ownership-rent/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/wohnung-kaufen-kosten-makler-vermietung-eigentumswohnung/" data-id="29908">Buy apartment</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/buy-house-financial-planning-broker-commission-loans-service-charges/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/haus-kaufen-finanzplanung-makler-provision-kredite-nebenkosten/" data-id="29903">Buy a house</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/buy-apartment-house-property-evaluation-procedure-costs-taxes-tenants/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/mehrfamilienhaus-kaufen-immobilie-bewerten-ablauf-kosten-steuern-mieter/" data-id="29898">Buy apartment house</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/buy-villa-exclusive-real-estate-house-investment-checklist-procedure/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/villa-kaufen-exklusive-immobilie-haus-geldanlage-checkliste-ablauf/" data-id="36030">Buy a villa</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/buy-property-plot-building-area-building-plot-building-application/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/grundstueck-kaufen-bauflaeche-baugrundstueck-bauantrag/" data-id="30166">Buy land</a></li>
</ul>
<p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-36455" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/einkaufszentrum-verkaufen-gewerbe-immobilie-immobilien-hamburg-architektur-lukinski.webp" alt="" width="1200" height="794" /></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Marketing: Actions, Discounts and Special Offers &#8211; Going Solo Part 14</title>
		<link>https://lukinski.com/marketing-actions-discounts-special-offers-do-it-yourself/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Laura]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Oct 2019 17:07:50 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Broker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Real estate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Actions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[form a company]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liegenschaftskarte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maritime]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marketing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Service]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Special offers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tips]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://lukinski.de/marketing-promotions-discounts-and-special-offers-self-employed-part-14/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Actions, discounts, and special offers are self-explanatory in traditional retail — in the real estate business, different rules apply. Anyone working as a real estate agent, developer, or investor with price promotions operates between psychologically effective marketing levers and legally sensitive territory (UWG, buyer&#8217;s principle, commission rules). This section shows how you can use action [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Actions, discounts, and special offers are self-explanatory in traditional retail — in the real estate business, different rules apply. Anyone working as a real estate agent, developer, or investor with price promotions operates between psychologically effective marketing levers and legally sensitive territory (UWG, <a href="https://lukinski.com/ordering-party-principle-new-regulations-on-brokerage-fees/">buyer&#8217;s principle</a>, commission rules). This section shows how you can use action mechanics for seller acquisition, buyer retention, and investor acquisition — and where the pitfalls lie. Back to overview: <a href="https://lukinski.com/founding-a-company-real-estate-procedure-costs-requirements-legal-forms-7-step-checklist/">Start a business</a>.</p>
<h2>Actions, Discounts, Special Offers in Real Estate</h2>
<p>In retail, the MSRP mechanism works: manufacturer&#8217;s price crossed out, own price below — bargain effect. In the real estate sector, there is no MSRP, but instead the <a href="https://lukinski.com/determine-market-value-determine-market-value-calculate-sales-price/">market value</a> serves as an anchor. Whoever offers a property 5% below market value creates the same psychological effect — only the anchor is an objective rating, not a marketing trick. This is exactly where the crucial difference lies: in the premium segment, discounts only work if they are credibly justified.</p>
<h3>Which action formats really work?</h3>
<p>In real estate agency, construction business, and investment areas, the following action mechanisms have become established — all with different effects on lead quality, margins, and brand image:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Action Form</th>
<th>Target Group</th>
<th>Effect</th>
<th>Risk</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Free Valuation</td>
<td>Seller Acquisition</td>
<td>Very high lead rate</td>
<td>Low lead quality, many &#8220;curious&#8221;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Commission tiers (e.g. 2 % instead of 3.57 % for fast sale)</td>
<td>Sellers</td>
<td>High mandate rate</td>
<td>Margin pressure, price competition</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Referral bonus (e.g. 1,000 € per referred seller)</td>
<td>Existing customers</td>
<td>Highest lead quality</td>
<td>Tax treatment must be considered</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Early bird discount for developer projects (e.g. 3 % on <hiddenlink href="https://lukinski.de/kaufnebenkosten/">purchase ancillary costs</hiddenlink>)</td>
<td>Buyers</td>
<td>Fast sales start</td>
<td>Pre-financing of cash flow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Off-market early access for investor circle</td>
<td>Investors</td>
<td>Very high closing rate</td>
<td>Requires curated distribution list</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Buyer commission bonus for notary appointment within 30 days</td>
<td>Buyers</td>
<td>Shortens purchase cycle</td>
<td>Must be legally reviewed</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>Market value as a psychological anchor</h3>
<p>A seller offering their property for 850,000 € typically receives fewer inquiries than one who communicates an <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-evaluate-factors-on-line-free-of-charge-flat-house-multi-family-house/">immovable property value</a> of 875,000 € and then reduces it to 850,000 €. The crossed-out price has an effect — even in the premium segment. Prerequisite: The starting price must be verifiable through an <a href="https://lukinski.com/income-approach-apartment-house-apartment-building-real-estate-valuation/">income value-</a> or <a href="https://lukinski.com/asset-value-method-apartment-house-apartment-building-real-estate-valuation/">asset value method</a>, otherwise the suspicion of a moonlighting pricing strategy quickly arises.</p>
<h2>Commission models: Discount mechanics in real estate agency</h2>
<p>Since the introduction of the <a href="https://lukinski.com/ordering-party-principle-new-regulations-on-brokerage-fees/">buyer&#8217;s principle</a> for residential real estate, sellers and buyers typically split the commission equally. Commission discounts are allowed, but must be clearly stated in the <a href="https://lukinski.com/brokerage-contract-the-decisive-facts/">real estate agent contract</a>.</p>
<h3>Three proven commission models</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Success commission:</strong> 2.5 % if sold within 60 days, 3.0 % afterwards. Rewards quick buyer contact.</li>
<li><strong>Volume commission:</strong> When multiple properties (e.g. entire <a href="https://lukinski.com/sell-apartment-house-calculate-price-taxes-tenants-speculation-tax/">Apartment building</a> or portfolio) are mandated, reduced commission per unit.</li>
<li><strong>Exceedance bonus:</strong> If the property is sold above the target price, the real estate agent receives an additional X % of the extra profit. Classic &#8220;skin in the game&#8221; mechanism for demanding sellers.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Calculation example: What does a commission discount really cost?</h3>
<p>Property for sale: <a href="https://lukinski.com/selling-a-villa-procedure-costs-solvent-buyers-and-speculation-tax/">Villa</a> for 2,400,000 €. Regular seller commission 3.57 % gross = 85,680 €.</p>
<ul>
<li>Discount of 0.5 percentage points (to 3.07 %): Loss of 12,000 € — manageable with a quick sale.</li>
<li>Discount of 1.0 percentage points (to 2.57 %): Loss of 24,000 € — only worthwhile with follow-up mandates or recommendation potential.</li>
<li>Free <a href="https://lukinski.com/calculate-property-value-free-of-charge-for-purchase-investment-sale-and-letting/">property valuation</a> as a lure: Costs around 300–800 € per property — but conversion rate to mandate often only 15–25 %.</li>
</ul>
<p>Rule of thumb: Every discount on commission points must be compensated by at least one follow-up business. Without follow-up business, it&#8217;s pure margin destruction.</p>
<h2>Exclusive Offers: Off-Market and Investor Circles</h2>
<p>&#8220;Exclusive&#8221; in real estate is not a marketing trick, but market reality. Top properties often never go on Immoscout — they go directly from the distribution list to the notary appointment. Whoever builds a curated investor circle creates real scarcity.</p>
<h3>Off-Market: How the &#8220;Exclusive Mechanic&#8221; works correctly</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Distribution list maintenance:</strong> Maximum 80–150 verified <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-capital-investment-attention-interview-lukinski-expert/">investors</a> with tickets starting at 1 million €. Quality beats quantity.</li>
<li><strong>Verification:</strong> Proof of creditworthiness, confirmation of equity, documented investment focus.</li>
<li><strong>Lead Time:</strong> 48–72 hours exclusive first access, followed by an extended distribution list, then public listing.</li>
<li><strong>Scarcity Drama:</strong> &#8220;3 days exclusively for our investor circle&#8221; — only works if the deadline is actually valid.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Email Newsletter and Lead Magnets</h3>
<p>Classic lead magnets for seller acquisition: free market report for prime locations, return analysis tool, <a href="https://lukinski.com/speculation-tax-real-estate-sale-of-land-apartment-house-incl-amount-deadline/">Speculation Tax Check</a>. The trick: The lead magnet must be so specific that only real sellers request it. A generic &#8220;Real Estate Guide&#8221; attracts 80% unusable leads. A &#8220;Sales Value Check for multi-family homes with at least 8 units in Munich&#8221; attracts 95% qualified leads.</p>
<h3>Scarcity: Time, Quantity, Access</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Time-Based Scarcity:</strong> &#8220;Early sign-up conditions until the 30th of the month&#8221; — especially effective for developer projects.</li>
<li><strong>Quantity-Based Scarcity:</strong> &#8220;Only 3 units left in this construction phase&#8221; — works if it&#8217;s true.</li>
<li><strong>Access Scarcity:</strong> Closed investor circles, member-only webinars, exclusive viewing appointments.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Additional Services: Added Value Instead of Price Discounts</h2>
<p>The smartest lever in the premium segment is not a price discount, but additional services. They protect the margin, increase the perceived value, and create differentiation — this applies to real estate agents as well as developers and sellers.</p>
<h3>What Really Works as an Additional Service</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Tax and Structure Consultation Included:</strong> For <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-holding-box-privilege-and-only-1-54-tax-on-sale/">Real Estate Holding</a> structure, <a href="https://lukinski.com/share-deal-in-real-estate-sell-company-instead-of-property-save-taxes/">Share Deal</a> or <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-asset-deal-what-is-it-tax-example/">Asset Deal</a> — initial consultation with a cooperating tax advisor is free of charge.</li>
<li><strong>Financing mediation:</strong> Support with <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-financing-loan-types-interest-rates-comparison-free-calculator/">real estate financing</a>, comparison of current <a href="https://lukinski.com/current-construction-interest-rates-comparison-development-calculator-real-estate-financing/">building interest</a> rates via partner banks.</li>
<li><strong>Rent seeker guarantee:</strong> With capital investments — free rent seeker service in the first year after purchase.</li>
<li><strong>Renovation network:</strong> Preferred conditions with craftsmen and architects — particularly valuable for <a href="https://lukinski.com/fix-flip-strategy-buy-upgrade-and-sell-real-estate-real-estate-trading/">fix-and-flip strategies</a>.</li>
<li><strong>Energy certificate and documentation service:</strong> <a href="https://lukinski.de/energieausweis-verkauf-pflicht-inhalt-aufbau-kosten-schnell-erklaert/">Energy certificate</a>, land register extract, division declaration — all included.</li>
<li><strong>Home staging:</strong> Professional staging against an average reduction in marketing duration of 30–50 %.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Combined mechanics for investors</h3>
<p>The top class: combine added value with scarcity. Example of an <a href="https://lukinski.com/buy-apartment-house-property-evaluation-procedure-costs-taxes-tenants/">Apartment building investment</a>:</p>
<ul>
<li>When making a purchase decision within 14 days: free <hiddenlink href="https://lukinski.de/rendite-vergleich/">return analysis</hiddenlink> with 10-year cash flow forecast.</li>
<li>Plus: introduction to tax advisors for an optimal holding structure.</li>
<li>Plus: first year of tenant search free of charge (when renting out).</li>
</ul>
<p>Material value: approx. 3,500–6,000 €. Effect on the investor: signal of professionalism and partnership, not of desperate discounting.</p>
<h2>Legal pitfalls in real estate marketing campaigns</h2>
<p>What is standard in retail can be costly in real estate. Anyone running promotions here should be aware of the following points:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>UWG:</strong> &#8220;Up to 75 % cheaper&#8221; is practically not sustainable in the real estate context and can quickly be considered anti-competitive.</li>
<li><strong>Strikte Price Advertising:</strong> Strikethrough prices are only permissible if the original price was actually charged — or clearly declared as <a href="https://lukinski.com/determine-market-value-determine-market-value-calculate-sales-price/">market value</a>.</li>
<li><strong>Commission Promises:</strong> Referral bonuses for existing customers must be properly documented for tax purposes (deduction tax, possibly a compliance notice).</li>
<li><strong>Buyer Principle Compliance:</strong> Commission discounts for one side (e.g., only buyers) must align with the legal obligation to split commissions.</li>
<li><strong>Scarcity Advertising:</strong> &#8220;Only 3 units left&#8221; must be factually accurate — otherwise, there is a risk of legal action.</li>
<li><strong>Privacy Policy for Newsletters:</strong> Double-Opt-In is mandatory, otherwise fines under the GDPR may apply.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Checklist: Action Plan for Real Estate Professionals</h2>
<ul>
<li>Target group defined (sellers, buyers, investors, existing customers)?</li>
<li>Cost-effectiveness calculated — when does the discount pay off?</li>
<li>Credible anchor price available (market value, market comparison)?</li>
<li>Time-limited scarcity with a real deadline in place?</li>
<li>Legal review (UWG, buyer principle, DSGVO) conducted?</li>
<li>Tracking implemented — which action brings which lead quality?</li>
<li>Follow-up communication (follow-up, newsletter, CRM) set up?</li>
<li>Differentiation element from competitors defined (USP)?</li>
</ul>
<h2>FAQ: Actions, discounts and special offers in real estate marketing</h2>
<h3>Do discounts work in the premium segment at all?</h3>
<p>Yes — but differently than in retail. In the luxury and investor segment, it&#8217;s not the percentage discount that works, but exclusivity, access and added value. A 5% discount sign on a villa for 4 million € looks desperate. An &#8220;Off-Market early access for our investor circle&#8221; sounds prestigious — with the same economic effect.</p>
<ul>
<li>In the premium segment: exclusivity beats price discount.</li>
<li>Added services have a stronger effect than percentage discounts.</li>
<li>Scarcity must be credible and factually correct.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Can a real estate agent discount the commission?</h3>
<p>Yes, commissions are negotiable and can be discounted. Condition: The reduced rate is clearly stated in the <a href="https://lukinski.
</p>
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		<title>Marketing: Media Advertising, Costs and CPM &#8211; Self-Employed Part 11</title>
		<link>https://lukinski.com/marketing-media-advertising-costs-and-cpm-self-employed-part-11/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Laura]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Sep 2019 11:00:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Broker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Real estate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contradiction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Costs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[estate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[form a company]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liegenschaftskarte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marketing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prices]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://lukinski.de/marketing-media-advertising-costs-and-cpm-self-employed-part-11/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Marketing: Media advertising &#8211; The absolute classic, advertising in media. From TV commercials to ads in trade magazines to social networks like Facebook, YouTube and Instagram. Advertising in media is so successful because reach / contacts can be bought directly. Here you come back to: Start a company. Social ads, online advertising, ads in newspapers [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Marketing: Media advertising &#8211; The absolute classic, advertising in media. From TV commercials to ads in trade magazines to social networks like Facebook, YouTube and Instagram. Advertising in media is so successful because reach / contacts can be bought directly. Here you come back to: <a href="https://lukinski.com/founding-a-company-real-estate-procedure-costs-requirements-legal-forms-7-step-checklist/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/firma-gruenden-immobilien-ablauf-kosten-voraussetzungen-rechtsformen-schritte-checkliste/" data-id="45259">Start a company</a>.</p>
<h2>Social ads, online advertising, ads in newspapers</h2>
<p>On the other hand, not only the unit price plays a role in the choice of media, but also the quality. Of course, the individual person can be reached more cheaply via a Facebook ad than, for example, through a sales employee at the trade fair stand. At the same time, despite the lower reach of individual persons, the trade fair stand is much more profitable for some industries, as the individual contacts are of higher quality, because they are more intensive, and accordingly potentially bring in more sales. When deciding for or against a certain marketing campaign, the target group analysis is again decisive.</p>
<h3>B2B or B2C advertising?</h3>
<p>Do you want to reach private consumers or business customers?</p>
<p>Depending on that, you&#8217;ll choose to be pro Facebook Advertising or pro trade show, tackle both, or opt for a different strategy entirely. If we are within media advertising, the comparison between the different channels is especially important. What is the effectiveness of each campaign? The comparison is based on the CPM.</p>
<h3>CPM &#8211; Thousand-Contact-Price</h3>
<p>Media advertising is usually calculated using the CPM and compared with other campaigns. The CPM refers to the thousand-contact price. The CPM tells you how high the costs are for reaching 1,000 people. If you want to run a campaign to reach 5 million people, for example, you can use the CPM to compare the different offers. More on the CPM with best practice later in &#8220;Social Media&#8221;.</p>
<p>Tip. Social Media Advertising. Especially for young companies and startups, social media advertising is worth a look. While other, classic channels are often overbooked by brands and companies, for example because they are used to traditional advertising techniques. Thus, they often fall back on trade magazines and TV advertising. Accordingly, the costs for advertising placements are high because the competition is fierce. It is completely different in social media marketing, for example. Although more and more companies are discovering the social networks for their own marketing campaigns, very few companies use these methods, so it is still possible to run good campaigns, with low click prices and high conversion (we will also come to this technical term in the chapter on social media marketing). The second advantage, the media advertising does not have to be booked in a package. You only pay for the reach that was really generated.</p>
<h3>Media advertising costs</h3>
<p>There are two advantages to this. Firstly, you don&#8217;t have to pay for the big package straight away, you pay for the media advertising bit by bit. The much bigger advantage is that if a campaign doesn&#8217;t work, you can cancel it or change it. Of course, you can&#8217;t do that with media advertising in trade magazines or on TV. The magazines are printed, the TV program is scheduled. Now, if you&#8217;re paying to reach three million people and you realize at the beginning of the campaign that there&#8217;s hardly any return, you&#8217;ll be happy if you can still edit your campaign.</p>
<h3>Advantage Digital Media</h3>
<p>Over the course of the business, you&#8217;ll learn a lot of marketing strategies. For your business plan, we&#8217;ll look at the most important, overarching strategies for attracting customers, from offline to online.</p>
<h2>Mailing and direct mail: Classic</h2>
<p>Mailings and direct mail are still central tools in marketing today, despite laws against mass mailing of information, sending emails and direct mail in the mailbox is still commonplace. Of course, the ratio of email to direct mail has changed dramatically, but letters are still in vogue. Even modern startups use classic letters, because that&#8217;s how you can create awareness again. The less the method junk mail use, the more attractive listening test again to create attention. In your company, you&#8217;ll also get regular ads for new mail products. The last one that stuck in my mind was a letter that had a pop up box in it. Of course, when you open the letter, you don&#8217;t know that yet. As soon as you open the letter, the box unfolds and literally pops up in your face. Never seen before, ingenious! Whoever has the right idea around the box, e.g. a booth builder, has a great tool to creatively win customers or to bind them again.</p>
<h2>Guidebook: Setting up your own business &#038; business plan</h2>
<p>You want to start your own business as a real estate agent or with another business idea? We support you with tips on your business plan and concept. Whether self-employed full-time or part-time self-employed: If you want to start your own business, you have to think about many things, in advance and in the operational business. From the right idea to health insurance &#8211; what do you have to consider when you want to become self-employed?</p>
<p>There is no education or training for entrepreneurs. One is or is not a managing director. What is always important is your own ambition, because that is the only way to improve every day.</p>
<p>The topics at a glance:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/business-plan-structuring-definition-and-best-practice-becoming-independent-part-1/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/businessplan-gliederung-definition-best-practice-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="8068">Business Plan</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/founder-founding-team-unfair-advantage-business-becoming-self-employed/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/gruender-gruenderteamunfaire-vorteil-business-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="8075">Founder and founding team</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/product-service-usp-unique-selling-proposition-becoming-self-employed/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/produkt-dienstleistung-usp-alleinstellungsmerkmal-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="23071">Product / Service</a>: USP</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/increase-customer-satisfaction-new-customers-and-regular-customers-starting-your-own-business/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/kundenzufriedenheit-steigern-neukunden-stammkunden-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="8083">Increase customer satisfaction</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/market-overview-get-to-know-customers-competitors-setting-up-your-own-business-part-5/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/marktuebersicht-kunden-konkurrenz-kennenlernen-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="44196">Market Overview</a>: Customers &#038; Competition</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/reference-customers-positive-image-transfer-company-starting-business/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/referenzkunden-positiver-imagetransfer-firma-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="8097">Reference customers</a>: Positive image transfer</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/market-analysis-validation-business-idea-and-competition-setting-up-your-own-business-part-7/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/marktanalyse-validierung-geschaeftsidee-konkurrenz-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="44182">Market analysis / validation</a>: business idea</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/choice-of-location-price-per-square-metre-and-coworking-tips-starting-your-own-business-part-8/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/standortwahl-quadratmeterpreis-coworking-tipps-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="8099">Site selection</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/marketing-concept-sales-pricing-strategy-advertising-becoming-self-employed/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/marketing-konzept-vertrieb-preisstrategie-werbung-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="8104">Marketing concept</a>: Sales</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/advertising-google-ads-seo-newspaper-radio-starting-business/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/werbung-google-ads-seo-zeitung-radio-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="8109">Advertising</a>: Google Ads, SEO, Newspaper, Radio?</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/marketing-media-advertising-costs-and-cpm-self-employed-part-11/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/marketing-mediawerbung-kosten-tkp-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="44123">Marketing: Media advertising</a>, costs and CPM</li>
<li>Marketing: trade fairs, training courses and trade advertising</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/marketing-sales-talk-telephone-talk-and-psychology-starting-your-own-business-part-13/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/marketing-verkaufsgespraech-telefongespraech-psychologie-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="8118">Marketing: sales talk</a>, telephone call and psychology</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/marketing-promotions-discounts-and-special-offers-self-employed-part-14/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/marketing-aktionen-rabatte-sonderangebote-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="44109">Marketing: promotions</a>, discounts and special offers</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/marketing-social-media-and-online-advertising-recommendation-starting-your-own-business-part-15/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/marketing-social-media-online-werbung-empfehlung-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="23088">Marketing: Social Media</a> and Online Advertising</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/e-business-e-commerce-enterprises-starting-business/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/e-business-elektronischer-handel-unternehmen-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="23089">E-business</a>: electronic commerce in the enterprise</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/cooperation-and-the-principle-of-cooperation-becoming-self-employed-part-17/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/kooperation-koopertionsgrundsatz-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="23090">Cooperations</a>: Cooperative Principle</li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/financial-planning-capital-financing-becoming-self-employed/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/finanzplanung-kapital-finanzierung-selbststaendig-machen/" data-id="23098">Financial planning</a>: capital and financing</li>
</ol>
<p>Here you come back to the overview:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/founding-a-company-real-estate-procedure-costs-requirements-legal-forms-7-step-checklist/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/firma-gruenden-immobilien-ablauf-kosten-voraussetzungen-rechtsformen-schritte-checkliste/" data-id="45259">Form a company</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/legal-forms-company-enterprise-real-estate-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-comparison-advantages-and-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/rechtsformen-firma-unternehmen-immobilien-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-vergleich-vorteile-steuern" data-id="39941">Legal forms</a>: OHG, KG, GmbH, AG &#038; Co.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/founding-a-company-real-estate-procedure-costs-requirements-legal-forms-7-step-checklist/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/firma-gruenden-immobilien-ablauf-kosten-voraussetzungen-rechtsformen-schritte-checkliste/" data-id="45259"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/rechtsformen-firma-unternehmen-immobilien-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-vergleich-vorteile-steuern-mann-buero-auswahl-strategie-immobilienfirma-steueroptimierung.jpg"/></a></p>
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		<title>The recipe for success for search engine rankings and satisfied visitors</title>
		<link>https://lukinski.com/the-recipe-for-success-for-search-engine-rankings-and-satisfied-visitors/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Stephan]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 19 Dec 2015 01:29:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calculadora en línea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[form a company]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SEO]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://lukinski.de/the-recipe-for-success-for-search-engine-rankings-and-satisfied-visitors/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The model agency CM Models is cross-media and connects different networks to a strong media channel. The media portfolio of the model agency includes among others a starte agency website (page 1 for &#8216;model agency&#8217; in all of Germany). The website offers various multimedia content, similar to the social networks. Example: Model agency and online [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The model agency <strong>CM Models</strong> is cross-media and connects different networks to a strong media channel. The media portfolio of the model agency includes among others a starte agency website (page 1 for &#8216;model agency&#8217; in all of Germany). The website offers various multimedia content, similar to the social networks.<span id="more-44035"></span></p>

<h2>Example: Model agency and online editorial office<br />
&#8211; Website with strong offers</h2>
<p>The website of the Model Index provides interesting and <strong>relevant information</strong> for different target groups. Newfaces and professional models will find here a lot of information, around the topic &#8216;being a model&#8217;, &#8216;becoming a model&#8217;. The information is provided free of charge to all visitors of the website. So everyone is free to use the agency&#8217;s own researched information. There are exciting articles and experience reports from fashion shows and catwalks, but also helpful contributions such as on the topic of social media management for models. Thus, the agency website not only reaches customers, but also numerous interested parties who would otherwise go away empty-handed. Thus, the model agency follows the modern concept of free information. Everyone, whether model agent or model can help themselves freely here.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3>The big glossary &#8211; With explanation for over 30 technical terms</h3>
<p>In the glossary of the model agency you will find over thirty different <strong>technical terms</strong> from the fashion and modeling industry. Here questions are answered such as, &#8220;what is an exclusive contract&#8221; or also &#8220;what does buyout&#8221; mean? With partly very detailed descriptions the editorial staff of the agency deals with the terms and questions of models. The large glossary is also available on smartphones and tablets &#8211; this means that information on the most important keywords in the industry is always available on the agency&#8217;s website, wherever you are. The satisfaction of the visitors is also reflected in the high rate of returning visitors to the agency website. Every week there are new exciting articles on the topic of &#8220;becoming a model&#8221; and &#8220;being a model&#8221;.</p>
<p>Of course you also get to know the agency. <strong>With backstage videos</strong> and various clips of model coaching and casting. A look behind the scenes is possible at any time. In addition to the various video streams, the agency shows almost daily new pictures of models, shootings, trainings or fittings. Especially the different and varied test and build-up shoots of the up-and-coming models are well received and often shared on Facebook and other social networks.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3>Visuals &#8211; fittings, coachings, test and set-up shoots for models</h3>
<p><strong>Photos</strong> from shoots and behind-the-scenes material are published daily, so there are always new and exciting photo sets to see, just like in a print magazine. There are already photo spreads from the airport, with small and large aircraft, there are still and desert shoots, but also business, commercial (&#8220;advertising&#8221;) and of course high fashion. Among others a boutique special with different outfits from fashion boutiques. So larger photo series of models are published on a regular basis. The photo material is mostly produced by fashion photographer Oliver Rudolph. With great know-how and understanding for the interaction of look, model and campaign Oliver Rudolph proves again and again his talent for master class.</p>

<h2>Facebook, Instagram &#038; Co. &#8211; Media &#038; Social Media Manager</h2>
<p>How important a <a href="https://lukinski.com/social-media-manager-guide-digital-pr-online-marketing-strategies/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/social-media-manager/" data-id="45539"><strong>Social Media Management</strong></a>Whether monitoring or concept, is important for model agencies in modern times, proves the rapid success of the model agency. Well over three thousand likes came together in the first weeks and months of the agency alone. Half a year later, it is already almost 4000. Also on Youtube and Instagram, the model card index is increasingly active. On Instagram alone, there are now already over a thousand more followers. Thus, the agency has fought its way to the top position in Germany within just a few months. A dedicated social media manager is in charge of the social networks. Whether Facebook fan pages of our models or video cuts for Instagram and YouTube. The model agency serves all relevant networks for the German market. For 2016, the expansion towards the European Union is already planned. Important markets will be Great Britain, Italy and France.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Not everything has been told yet: Whether fashion shows, fashion weeks, like in Berlin, TV appearances, like TAFF &#8211; CM Models &#8211; the story begins. With excitement, many people follow the rise of the model agency to the top model agencies in Germany.</p>
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