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		<title>Real estate alliance: Real estate acquisition worldwide, exclusive network and return on investment &#8211; Immobilien finden</title>
		<link>https://lukinski.com/real-estate-alliance-real-estate-acquisition-worldwide-exclusive-network-and-return-on-investment-immobilien-finden/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[L_kinski]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Mar 2021 09:16:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Broker]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[Broker Allianz &#8211; With us, you as a buyer benefit in particular from the international network, hence Allianz. Through my companies we have connections to all relevant parts of the world, from American cities like New York, Los Angeles and Miami to Asia&#8217;s mega-metropolises and Shanghai, Singapore and Hong Kong. Through our international network of [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Broker Allianz &#8211; With us, you as a buyer benefit in particular from the international network, hence Allianz. Through my companies we have connections to all relevant parts of the world, from American cities like New York, Los Angeles and Miami to Asia&#8217;s mega-metropolises and Shanghai, Singapore and Hong Kong. Through our international network of top brokers with the best recommendations, we have fast and exclusive access to properties, often even before they are presented in the public real estate market, keyword exclusivity. As luxury brokers, we specialize in discerning clients with clear goals and desires.</p>
<h2>Luxury real estate and investment properties: Alliance = exclusive offers</h2>
<p>As a luxury broker, our focus is not only on research, but also on valuation and appraisal for our clients. From high-end interiors like Fendi, Hermés or Bugatti to extras like sports cars and infinity pools with unobstructed views of the city. We guarantee exclusivity.</p>
<h3>Luxury in USA, EU &#038; UAE</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-new-york-city-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-new-york-city-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15378">Luxury Broker New York</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-los-angeles-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-los-angeles-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15377">Luxury Broker Los Angeles</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-miami-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-miami-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15376">Luxury Broker Miami</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-usa-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-usa-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15381">Luxury Broker USA</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-london-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-london-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15379">Luxury Estate Agents London</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-dubai-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-dubai-eigentumswohnung-kaufen-wohnen-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15380">Luxury Broker Dubai</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-mallorca-condo-finca-capital-investment-island/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-mallorca-eigentumswohnungen-fincas-kapitalanlagen-insel/" data-id="18409">Luxury Broker Mallorca</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-kitzbuehel-exclusive-condo-houses-alpine-panorama/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-kitzbuehel-eigentumswohnung-blockhaus-alpen-panorama/" data-id="18360">Luxury Broker Kitzbühel</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Top ratings and exclusive network</h3>
<p>Protection &#8211; The more expertise, experience and reviews are gathered, the safer the overall buying process will be for you. That&#8217;s why we rely on our alliance of reputable, top brokers who are spread across all continents. This way you are guaranteed to find a property that exactly meets your wishes and expectations. We also stand as experts in the press and media with advice and action. Thus we give e.g. in the FIV magazine regularly expert tips for real estate buyers and salesmen, like here to the topic: <a href="https://fivmagazine.de/luxusimmobilie-los-angeles-lukinskis-highlights-grundstuck/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">New luxury real estates</a> &#8211; <em>interview with Stephan M. Czaja, externally on fivmagazine.de</em>. This is how many readers discover new and interesting investments.</p>
<p>Especially through owner Stephan M. Czaja, the network of contacts grows with every day and every week. Especially through our work and our own companies, we make new contacts, who in turn become part of the alliance. In this way we can guarantee you a smooth and first-class referral of exposés, are permanently at your side with words and deeds and let our analyses and evaluations flow into the decision-making process. Of course, we, or rather our experts at Allianz, take on many other tasks for you, for example tax issues, price negotiations, but also local building law.</p>
<p>You see, with a strong luxury broker on your side, you will have a profitable business.</p>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/maxvorstadt-muenchen-bayern-wohnen-leben-immobilien-kaufen-wohnung-grundstueck-haus-mehrfamilienhaus-altbau-himmel.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-39734" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/maxvorstadt-muenchen-bayern-wohnen-leben-immobilien-kaufen-wohnung-grundstueck-haus-mehrfamilienhaus-altbau-himmel.jpg" alt="" width="1200" height="800"/></a></p>
<h3>Property developer and new building: Investment condominium &#038; house</h3>
<p>Increase in value and rent-free &#8211; A house, a condominium, whether in New York, Los Angeles, Miami or even Dubai and Hamburg, no matter where your own property is, it offers a stable and sustainable investment. Just a small example, the purchase prices in Germany have risen again last year by 9.8%. If you look at the current <a href="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-statistik-haus-wohnung-kapitalanlage-demografie-und-quadratmeterpreis/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-statistik-haus-wohnung-kapitalanlage-demografie-und-quadratmeterpreis/" data-id="29932">real estate statistics</a>, you will quickly see that the increase in value, especially for property, really offers excellent prospects. Thus real estates as capital investment become naturally also with the sting. Asset management an important topic. We advise you as experts and independent consultants.</p>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/wohnen-duesseldorf-koenigsallee-koe-sehenswuerdigkeiten-attraktionen-stadtgraben-fauna-brunnen-boutique-marke-mode-louis-vuitton.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-39609" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/wohnen-duesseldorf-koenigsallee-koe-sehenswuerdigkeiten-attraktionen-stadtgraben-fauna-brunnen-boutique-marke-mode-louis-vuitton.jpg" alt="" width="1200" height="800"/></a></p>
<h2>Buy and sell luxury real estate without a broker?!</h2>
<p>Risk minimization and <a href="https://lukinski.com/15-mistakes-when-selling-real-estate-house-apartment-valuation-credit-rating-co/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/15-fehler-immobilienverkauf-bewertung-bonitaet-wohnung-haus-tipps-insider/" data-id="45143">error avoidance</a> are central, especially when it comes to high-priced real estate, land, houses or condominiums. From tax processing with country-specific requirements to the building substance of a property that is often thousands of kilometres away.</p>
<h3>Buy without broker Allianz</h3>
<p>The purchase of a property should not be made solely by you as a private person. In particular, factors such as the aforementioned building fabric of the property, the location and neighborhood, furnishings, plumbing, land, garages, and much more. All this requires a professional view. This is the only way to evaluate a property seriously.</p>
<blockquote><p>Rather buy 2 Lamborghini than pay too much</p></blockquote>
<p>Real estate valuation is about many influencing factors that can minimize the price for you as a buyer. At 500,000, 600,000 savings, quite a relevant factor and sometimes directly the first car fleet in the new city by the savings. Pay too much or instead a new Rolls Royce or two Lamborghini (base price 178,500, full equipment from 232,000)? You understand, real estate agents save you money and more importantly, time (research, analysis, appraisals, etc.)</p>
<ul>
<li>Real estate agents save you money (purchase price, tax laws, etc.)</li>
<li>Real estate agents save you time (research, analysis, appraisals, etc.), which is a deciding factor for our clients when they hire us.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Selling without a broker Allianz</h3>
<p>Selling without an estate agent &#8211; When selling real estate it is the same as when buying a property. The building fabric of the property, the location and neighbourhood, furnishings, sanitary facilities, land, garages, etc. must be seen, analysed and meticulously assessed by a professional. Otherwise the <a href="https://lukinski.de/?p=29878" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/haus-bewerten-kaufpreis-grob-bewerten-schaetzen-lassen-wertermittlung/" data-id="29878">property value</a> can be quickly depressed by the potential, private buyer of your property &#8211; your loss.</p>
<p>Through the expertise of a luxury real estate agent and his exclusive circle of regular customers, business partners but also acquaintances as well as his digital reputation, you have a choice of buyers.</p>
<p>Tip: Bidding war! Through a good broker your house or condo gets more attention. With 3, 4 prospective buyers, the purchase prices for the house or condo can quickly spiral upward on their own, due to the change in supply and demand. Like an auction, the shortage of supply often entices buyers to make higher offers.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s why there are: From the <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-evaluate-factors-on-line-free-of-charge-flat-house-multi-family-house/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilie-bewerten-faktoren-online-kostenlos-wohnung-haus-mehrfamilienhaus/" data-id="30172">evaluation of</a> the substance of the construction to the buyer acquisition, brokers also save you a lot of time in the sales process and they increase your profit from the sale of real estate.</p>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hauswert-entwicklung-preise-deutschland-grafik-infografik-makler-monat-verlauf-euro-haus-wohnung-grundstueck-lukinski-immobilienmakler.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-24649" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hauswert-entwicklung-preise-deutschland-grafik-infografik-makler-monat-verlauf-euro-haus-wohnung-grundstueck-lukinski-immobilienmakler.jpg" alt="" width="960" height="574"/></a></p>
<h2>Commission: What does a real estate agent cost?</h2>
<p>Costs &#8211; How much does an estate agent or a luxury estate agent cost? This question is not as easy to answer in the high-priced segment as it is for a regular real estate agent who deals with apartments or even single-family houses. The broker commission of a regular real estate agent is 2.38 x sum of the cold rent.</p>
<h3>Broker commission: Example for rent</h3>
<ul>
<li>Monthly rent of the property: 2.500 Rent</li>
<li>Broker commission (brokerage) amounts to 2.38 x cold rent</li>
<li>Broker costs 5,950 / one-time at closing</li>
<li>Individual agreements are made for high-priced properties</li>
</ul>
<h3>Broker commission: Example for purchase</h3>
<ul>
<li>Purchase price of the property: 1.200.000</li>
<li>Broker commission<a href="https://lukinski.com/realtor-commission-for-private-purchase-new-law-germany-seller-pays-50-of-the-fee/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/maklerprovision-privatkauf-neues-gesetz-verkaeufer-zahlt-courtage/" data-id="32900">(</a>brokerage) is 5% of the purchase price</li>
<li>Broker costs 60,000</li>
</ul>
<h2>Rent, buy, live: Our alliance finds everything</h2>
<p>Finding property &#8211; Renting, buying, living, whoever is looking for a property should, as shown above, rely on the expertise of a reputable real estate agent. When it comes to the search, it is no longer about facts and figures, but about your wishes, ideas and goals!</p>
<p>Our customers are divided into two groups, some buy real estate as an <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate/investment/" data-type="page" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilien/kapitalanlage/" data-id="43765">investment</a> and speculate on the increase in value, e.g. of land or of the building itself.</p>
<p>The other group changes their lives, by changing the city of their own company, football club, family ties but also simply to live in the most beautiful places in the world, like London or New York.</p>
<p>With us, you will find your property, worldwide.</p>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/baustelle-mehrfamilienhaus-kapitalanlage-immobilie-frankfurt-hattersheim-griesheim-nah-flughafen-rohbau-lukinski-immobilienmakler.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-24609" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/baustelle-mehrfamilienhaus-kapitalanlage-immobilie-frankfurt-hattersheim-griesheim-nah-flughafen-rohbau-lukinski-immobilienmakler.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="760"/></a></p>
<h3>Real estate network, brokerage and purchase advice</h3>
<p>Can it be a little more? Through my years of working with investors, developers and administrators, I too have grown increasingly fond of the subject. Real estate is so much more than &#8220;just houses&#8221;. They beautify cityscapes, provide a home and are often landmarks for estates, countries and the people who live there. From the protection of historical monuments to new architecture &#8211; by working with celebrities and people from trade, business and industry, a unique has gradually emerged.</p>
<p>Exclusive properties that do not appear on the usual portals<a href="https://lukinski.com/off-market-real-estate-sell-buy-apartment-house-discreet-anonymous/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/off-market-immobilienmakler-wohnung-haus-mehrfamilienhaus-anonym-und-diskret-verkaufen/" data-id="29609">(off market</a>), newly built condominiums as capital investment also in Dubai, New York or Los Angeles.</p>
<ul>
<li>Luxury brokers</li>
</ul>
<h3>New real estate</h3>
<p>New construction and exclusive brokerage &#8211; From <a href="https://lukinski.de/luxusimmobilien-new-york-wohnung-eigentumswohnung-penthouse-40-millionen/">duplexes in New York City</a>, right on Central Park, to family villas in the <a href="https://lukinski.de/luxusimmobilien-dubai-hills-downtown-palm-kaufen-investieren-32-millionen/">Dubai Hills</a> (new construction). With us you will always find new and exclusive properties. We have focused our especially on these countries: USA<a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-new-york-city-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-new-york-city-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15378">(New York</a>, <a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-los-angeles-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-los-angeles-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15377">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-miami-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-miami-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15376">Miami</a>), Germany<a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-hamburg-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-hamburg-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15372">(Hamburg</a>, <a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-berlin-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-berlin-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15369">Berlin</a> and <a href="https://lukinski.com/luxury-realtor-cologne-condo-house-capital-investment/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/luxus-makler-koeln-eigentumswohnung-haus-kapitalanlage/" data-id="15373">Cologne</a>), United Arab Emirates and Hong Kong.</p>
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		<title>Types of shares &#8211; transferability, legal scope &#038; share capital breakdown</title>
		<link>https://lukinski.com/types-of-shares-transferability-legal-scope-share-capital-breakdown/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Laura]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2021 11:56:38 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Finances]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alliance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Annual balance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bavaria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Business assets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Business letter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cross-linkage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Damage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Death]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dismantling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dividend distribution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Endorsement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Governing body]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[in writing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Legal scope]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Management Report]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Members]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monetary value]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[No par value share]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[No-par share]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nominal value]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nominal value share]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Order paper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Organs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Preferred share]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[profit and loss account]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Quota share]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Registered share]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[registered share with restricted transferability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reporting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Representation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Right of withdrawal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Share register]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Share type]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stock exchange price]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[take a decision]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tenure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tube]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[Types of Stocks &#8211; A corporation, as the name suggests, deals with stock trading. I&#8217;m sure you&#8217;ve heard that stocks can go up and down. You may also know someone who has invested their wealth in stocks. But what exactly is a share? In a nutshell, a share is a document that determines your entitlement [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Types of Stocks &#8211; A <a href="https://lukinski.com/stock-corporation-ag-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/aktiengesellschaft-ag-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45176">corporation</a>, as the name suggests, deals with stock trading. I&#8217;m sure you&#8217;ve heard that stocks can go up and down. You may also know someone who has invested their wealth in stocks. But what exactly is a share? In a nutshell, a share is a document that determines your entitlement to the share capital of a public limited company and guarantees you a fixed share of the profits. In this context, there is often talk of &#8220;certifying a claim&#8221;. Here you can find all <a href="https://lukinski.com/legal-forms-company-enterprise-real-estate-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-comparison-advantages-and-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/rechtsformen-firma-unternehmen-immobilien-gbr-kg-gmbh-ag-co-vergleich-vorteile-steuern/" data-id="39941">legal forms</a> and here you can go back to the overview <a href="https://lukinski.com/stock-corporation-ag-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/aktiengesellschaft-ag-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45176">AG</a>.</p>
<h2>Types of shares: transfer, rights &#038; capital split</h2>
<p>There are many different types of shares, which in turn belong to different categories. For example, a distinction is made between types of shares according to the degree of transferability, or according to the scope of rights, or even according to the method of dividing the share capital. In some cases, the term &#8220;order paper&#8221; is also used. This simply refers to securities that are registered in a specific name and can change hands by agreement, transfer or endorsement. Incidentally, endorsement refers to the endorsement on such a security, which enables the rights to be transferred in part or in full. The word &#8220;order&#8221; thus derives from &#8220;order&#8221;, since the transfer of the share is ordered.</p>
<p>Generally speaking, the value of a share &#8211; or a bond or an investment certificate &#8211; can be expressed in two terms: On the one hand, there is the nominal value &#8211; also known as the face value &#8211; which is the numerical value expressed economically in money, as found on banknotes, coins or securities. On the other hand, there is the stock exchange price, the price of securities determined on the stock exchange &#8211; in other words, the current market value.</p>
<h3>Types of shares by degree of transferability</h3>
<p>When distinguishing types of shares according to the degree of transferability, bearer shares and registered shares as well as registered shares with restricted transferability are combined.</p>
<ul>
<li>Bearer shares (inh.)</li>
<li>Registered shares (NA)</li>
<li>Registered shares with restricted transferability (vink. NA)</li>
</ul>
<h4>Bearer share &#8211; transfer by agreement &#038; surrender</h4>
<p>Bearer shares &#8211; in short: Inh. &#8211; are usually made out to the bearer according to their designation and form the standard type among the share types according to the degree of transferability. They can be transferred to a new owner by agreement and transfer, which enormously simplifies the tradability of this type of share. The only restriction is that the shares may only be issued if they are fully paid up.</p>
<h4>Registered shares &#8211; minimum deposit 25% par value &#038; premium</h4>
<p>Registered shares &#8211; abbreviated to: NA &#8211; are &#8220;born&#8221; order securities in terms of form. By law, negotiable instruments are regarded as securities. In addition to registered shares, these include cheques and bills of exchange. Registered shares are made out to the shareholder who is listed in the share register. This authorizes him to participate in the Annual General Meeting and to exercise his voting rights. Furthermore, he is the only one entitled to dividend payments for these shares. The minimum payment amount corresponds to 25 percent of the nominal value and the premium. The transfer of ownership of registered shares is effected by endorsement, handover plus transcription in the company&#8217;s share register, which places a corresponding burden on tradability.</p>
<h4>Registered shares with restricted transferability &#8211; transfer with the consent of the company</h4>
<p>Registered shares with restricted transferability are abbreviated as vink. NA and represent a special form of conventional registered shares. In terms of features, there are no differences, but a registered share with restricted transferability is only transferable if the company confirms its approval. This is particularly advantageous in order to be able to precisely control the ownership of the shares and to be able to detect early on the intentions of other companies to take over these shares. However, if many small investors are represented by major shareholders &#8211; banks, for example &#8211; registered shares with restricted transferability can also be transferred easily. If a shareholder leaves the AG, he can even transfer his claims to shareholders unknown to him by means of blank assignment and the signing of a special deed.</p>
<h3>Types of shares according to legal scope</h3>
<p>In accordance with the distinction between types of shares based on the scope of rights, a distinction is made between ordinary shares and preference shares.</p>
<ul>
<li>Ordinary shares (SA)</li>
<li>Preference shares (VA)</li>
</ul>
<h4>Ordinary shares &#8211; original form of the share with fourfold legal entitlement</h4>
<p>Ordinary shares &#8211; abbreviation: SA) &#8211; are the standard type among the types of shares in terms of legal scope and probably represent the most original form of all shares. Ordinary shares contain four main rights: First of all, there is the right to a dividend payment, i.e. there is a legal entitlement to a certain share of the balance sheet profit. Furthermore, ordinary shares allow participation in the general meetings of the stock corporation, including the exercise of one&#8217;s own voting rights. A third aspect concerns the right to a share in the liquidation proceeds, according to which a portion of the money from the liquefaction is due to the holder of an ordinary share by operation of law. Last but not least, an ordinary share also entitles the holder to challenge resolutions adopted at the general meeting.</p>
<h4>Preference shares &#8211; privileges in profit distribution &#038; company assets</h4>
<p>Preferred shares &#8211; VA for short &#8211; are called preferred shares because their features include certain privileges compared with ordinary shares. These are usually either preferential rights in the distribution of profits or special rights with regard to the company&#8217;s assets. Preferred shares with multiple voting rights &#8211; so-called multiple voting shares &#8211; are not permitted in Germany under the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG).</p>
<p>Preferred shares without voting rights &#8211; also called non-voting preferred shares &#8211; are considered a special form of preferred stock. They are often used to finance equity when a capital increase is not possible due to poor share prices. In compensation for the loss of voting rights, the share holder is offered, for example, a higher dividend or a right of succession, and at the same time the equity capital requirement can be satisfied.</p>
<p>Excerpt from the law &#8211; § 12 AktG:</p>
<blockquote><p>(1) Each share shall confer the right to vote. Preference shares may be issued as non-voting shares in accordance with the provisions of this Act.</p>
<p>(2) Multiple voting rights are not permitted.</p></blockquote>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-32963" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/erfahrungen-aktie-etf-krypto-bitcoin-social-trading-vergleich-app-software-smartphone-notebook-kosten-geschwindigkeit-preis.jpg" alt="" width="1200" height="800" /></p>
<h3>Types of shares according to the method of dividing the share capital</h3>
<p>If the method of dividing the share capital is considered, a distinction is made between par value shares and no-par value shares. The form and any applicable minimum amounts of the shares are specified in the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG).</p>
<ul>
<li>Par value shares</li>
<li>Quota shares</li>
<li>No-par-value shares</li>
</ul>
<p>Excerpt from the law &#8211; § 8 AktG:</p>
<blockquote><p>(1) The shares may be created either as par value shares or as no-par value shares.<br />
(2) Nominal value shares must be denominated in at least one euro. Shares with a lower nominal value shall be null and void. The issuers shall be jointly and severally liable to the holders for any loss arising from the issue. Higher nominal share amounts must be denominated in full euros.<br />
(3) No-par-value shares do not have a nominal value. The no-par value shares of a company participate in the share capital to the same extent. The proportionate amount of the share capital attributable to each share may not be less than one euro. Paragraph 2 sentences 2 and 3 shall apply accordingly.<br />
(4) The proportion of the share capital shall be determined, in the case of par value shares, by the ratio of their par value to the share capital and, in the case of no-par value shares, by the number of shares.<br />
(5) The shares are indivisible.<br />
(6) These provisions shall also apply to share certificates issued to shareholders prior to the issue of the shares (interim certificates).</p></blockquote>
<h4>Par value shares &#8211; Money shares from 1 Euro &#038; par</h4>
<p>Par value shares &#8211; sometimes also called nominal value shares or aggregate shares &#8211; are, as the name suggests, denominated in a fixed nominal amount or par value, which is expressed in monetary terms. They may not be issued below par, which means that the nominal value may not be less than the market value. If this is the case, the difference is called a discount. If the par value of a share is above par &#8211; i.e. if the par value is greater than the market price &#8211; the difference is known as a premium. Par value shares are set at a minimum value of one euro. The sum of the par values results in the share capital of a company.</p>
<ul>
<li>Above par: nominal value &gt; market price (difference in premium)</li>
<li>Par: Nominal value = stock market price</li>
<li>Below par: nominal value &lt; market price (difference = discount)</li>
</ul>
<h4>No-par-value shares &#8211; Quota shares &#038; no-par-value shares</h4>
<p>No-par-value shares are a collective term for shares that have no stated par value. A distinction is made between quota shares &#8211; as &#8220;genuine no-par-value shares&#8221; &#8211; and no-par-value shares &#8211; as &#8220;non-genuine no-par-value shares&#8221;. Sometimes both types of shares are also referred to as genuine and non-genuine quota shares respectively.</p>
<ul>
<li>Quota share: genuine no-par-value (quota) share</li>
<li>No-par-value share: non-genuine no-par-value (quota) share</li>
</ul>
<h5>Quota shares &#8211; shares in the share capital</h5>
<p>Genuine no-par-value shares are quota shares whose share in the share capital of an AG is stated in a document, e.g. 1/1,000 or 1/50,000. They therefore represent a fraction of the company&#8217;s assets corresponding to the share right and are not, as the name &#8220;quota&#8221; might suggest, based on a certain minimum amount of the company&#8217;s share capital. Accordingly, no nominal value can be calculated for these shares. If the percentage of the share is indicated on the certificate, the quota share is referred to as &#8220;speaking&#8221;. A &#8220;silent&#8221; quota share, on the other hand, lacks this notation.</p>
<p>Caution: Although true no-par value quota shares are common in the USA, Canada, Belgium and Italy, among other countries, they are generally not permitted in Germany, as these shares are marketable and can therefore represent an extreme balance sheet concealment.</p>
<h5>No-par-value shares &#8211; most common type of share since the introduction of the euro</h5>
<p>No-par-value shares &#8211; abbreviated with o. N. for &#8220;without par value&#8221; &#8211; are considered &#8220;non-genuine&#8221;, as they are neither denominated in a certain par value nor in a certain quota. They are expressed in terms of quantity as the result of dividing the share capital by the number of shares, whereby their nominal value is calculated fictitiously. Thus, in contrast to quota shares, no-par shares embody a share in the capital stock of an AG and may not fall below a specified minimum amount of one euro per share. They are the most common type of share in Germany and were originally introduced to make the conversion of shares to the euro easier for stock corporations.</p>
<h2>AG: foundation, legal form, real estate shares</h2>
<ol>
<li>Real estate shares: List of companies</li>
<li>Stock corporation (AG)</li>
<li>Real estate stock corporation (REIT-AG)</li>
<li>Real estate company</li>
</ol>
<h3>Real estate shares: List of companies</h3>
<p>Real Estate Shares &#8211; Not everyone can afford <a href="https://lukinski.com/real-estate-capital-investment-attention-interview-lukinski-expert/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilie-als-kapitalanlage-worauf-muss-ich-achten-interview-experten/" data-id="29935">real estate as a capital investment</a>. Through real estate shares, however, everyone can participate in the real estate market and invest money. The share prices of the big players are rising year after year. <a href="https://lukinski.com/vonovia-share-real-time-share-price-for-analysis-news/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/vonovia-aktie-realtime-aktienkurs-analyse-news/" data-id="44696">Vonovia</a>, <a href="https://lukinski.com/deutsche-wohnen-share-real-time-share-price-for-analysis-news/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/deutsche-wohnen-aktie-realtime-aktienkurs-analyse-news/" data-id="44959">Deutsche Wohnen</a>, <a href="https://lukinski.de/dream-global-real-estate-investment-trust-share-real-time-share-price-for-analysis-news/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/dream-global-real-estate-investment-trust-aktie-realtime-aktienkurs-analyse-news/" data-id="44240">Dream Global</a>, <a href="https://lukinski.com/cbre-group-real-time-share-price-for-analysis-news/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/cbre-group-aktie-realtime-aktienkurs-analyse-news/" data-id="44917">CBRE</a> and <a href="https://lukinski.de/patrizia-immobilien-share-real-time-share-price-for-analysis-news/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/patrizia-immobilien-aktie-realtime-aktienkurs-analyse-news/" data-id="44231">Patrizia</a> are a few of the best known active companies in Germany. In addition, there are more than 25 other companies. We have an overview of the most popular real estate stocks for you as an investor. But first a look at the risks of a stock, the stock market, for beginners and beginners. Now to the list and more on the real estate market, your investment options and all prices at a glance, here in the article on real estate stocks.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-aktien-top-realtime-kurs-analyse-empfehlung-news/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-aktien-top-realtime-kurs-analyse-empfehlung-news/" data-id="29939">Real Estate Stocks</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-aktien-top-realtime-kurs-analyse-empfehlung-news/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-aktien-top-realtime-kurs-analyse-empfehlung-news/" data-id="29939"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/immobilien-aktien-geld-anlegen-finanzen-haus-eigentumswohung-handel.jpg"/></a></p>
<h3>Stock corporation (AG): Formation, liability, legal form &#038; Co.</h3>
<p>Aktiengesellschaft (AG) &#8211; The stock corporation is a German legal form founded by at least one person and organized by different bodies. Instead of a managing director, the company is managed by a board of directors consisting of at least one person. As the name already indicates, this legal form of a company primarily stands for stock trading. You would like to start a company alone or together with other people and learn more about company law forms in advance? Then you&#8217;ve come to the right place!</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/stock-corporation-ag-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/aktiengesellschaft-ag-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45176">Stock corporation (AG)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/stock-corporation-ag-formation-liability-legal-form-management-taxes/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/aktiengesellschaft-ag-gruenden-haftung-rechtsform-geschaeftsfuehrung-steuern/" data-id="45176"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/firma-unternehmen-immobilie-ag-aktiengesellschaft-besprechungsraum-meeting-off-market-immobilien-bauherren-investoren-trueber-tag-berlin-nebel-hochaus.jpg"/></a></p>
<h3>Real estate stock corporation (REIT-AG)</h3>
<p>Real estate stock corporation / REIT-AG &#8211; You don&#8217;t find the idea of a stock corporation bad at all and are now wondering how you can combine your capital company with the real estate industry? A real estate company is a company that serves the financing, development, realization, leasing, or marketing of real estate &#8211; starting with a single property up to a real estate portfolio in the three or multi-digit range. The management of real estate property or third-party real estate on behalf of third parties can also be handled by a real estate company.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.de/immobilienaktiengesellschaft-immobilienbewirtschaftung-boersennotierung-reit-ag/">Real estate stock corporation (REIT-AG)</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.de/immobilienaktiengesellschaft-immobilienbewirtschaftung-boersennotierung-reit-ag/"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/firma-unternehmen-immobilie-ag-aktiengesellschaft-neubau-hochhaus-mehrfamilienhaus-buero-wohnen-baufirma-pruefung-rendite.jpg"/></a></p>
<h3>Real Estate GmbH &#038; Asset Management GmbH</h3>
<p>Alternative &#8211; In this article you will learn the basics about real estate companies. Briefly explained, a real estate company is a company that has the purpose of leasing, developing, financing, realizing and/or marketing. It doesn&#8217;t matter if it is one or more properties. The management of residential and commercial real estate &#8211; in its own interest or as a service offered to third parties &#8211; is also a popular focus for real estate companies and asset management GmbHs. Find out more about the main advantages and disadvantages of buying real estate and the expected costs.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lukinski.com/immobilien-gmbh-german-real-estate-loophole-leasing-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-gmbh-vermoegensverwaltende-gmbh-vorteile-nachteile-kosten-immobilienkauf/" data-id="31308">Real estate company</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://lukinski.com/immobilien-gmbh-german-real-estate-loophole-leasing-guide/" data-type="post" data-origin="de" data-origin-url="https://lukinski.de/immobilien-gmbh-vermoegensverwaltende-gmbh-vorteile-nachteile-kosten-immobilienkauf/" data-id="31308"><img decoding="async" src="https://lukinski.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/notar-immobilie-kaufen-buero-notariat-erarbeitet-kaufvertrag-eigentumswohnung-180qm-berlin-grunewald-experte-arbeitsplatz.jpg"/></a></p>
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