Lukinski Share: What is it?

Many are owned older properties. Some houses and apartments are in need of renovation, others are in need of refurbishment and still others are already perceived as dilapidated.

Sale + Redevelopment = More Profit

Hardly anyone can afford to completely renovate such a property – be it money reasons, time reasons, stress or even a combination of all factors.

Especially for such properties, with greater potential for appreciation, we offer sellers our exclusive Lukinski Share. If all conditions fit, you will profit 2x from the sale of your property.

Parameters for Share Deal (quickly explained):

• Old property with development potential
• Renovation / refurbishment backlog
• Also dilapidated / ready for demolition
• Purchase up to 5 million euros
• Possible: apartments and apartment buildings
• Not possible: single family houses

Why are we doing this?

We love to develop real estate. Gutting old, redesigning to create living space, for people. Many would also like to upgrade their property before it is sold. But not always, the possibilities are there. Our offer is specifically for the:

For those who think “a sale is not worth it” or “a sale is too costly” because the house is “too old”.

and

For those who think, “I don’t feel like refurbishing all this” or “how am I going to pay for it”?

Exactly for them, is our Lukinski Share Deal.

Contact & Evaluation

No stress during the sale, personal contact person, directly and without a broker and all over Germany. If desired, we will also give you a free evaluation directly. We look forward to your call or e-mail!

Lukinski Contact Person:

• Contact

Upgrading, renovation… to new construction

You want to sell an old house that would be too expensive to maintain? Sometimes the chance to directly provide additional living space. This again increases the effectiveness of your floor space. More living space = More rental income. Here, 2 smaller apartment buildings (6 ETW + 3 ETW) become a larger new building with a total of 18 ETW (condominiums); increase + 9 units.

In addition, attention was also paid to future development. Instead of equally distributed 70-90 square meters apartments, there are now respectively:

• 1 + 2 floor: 4x micro apartment each with ~ 40 sqm
• 3, 4 + 5 floor: 2x apartments each ~ 80 sqm
• 6 floor: loft apartments 2x ~ 80 sqm each incl. terrace

This will 1) create more housing and 2) raise standards = higher rental income / square foot.

From old, make new:

Masonry, substance, from basement to roof truss (here) everything is renewed.

Only 4 months later, the new masonry is already drying.

Modern new construction.

For you as a seller, without work, without stress, without cost.

What have we already done? – Project development

We have already developed several properties! A recent example: Last year we bought a car dealership (commercial property). Right now the old car dealership is being demolished, with two excavators. In the coming months, more than 8 apartments will be built here in an apartment building. 8 apartments, instead of 80 parking spaces – a good deal.

A car dealership with a lot of wasted space (concreted outdoor area) thus becomes new living space!

The city itself benefits from this; housing is in short supply in many cities. The new tenants and buyers profit from this. We as a real estate developer and you as a seller, through an additional share.

Contact & Evaluation

No stress during the sale, personal contact person, directly and without a broker and all over Germany. If desired, we will also give you a free evaluation directly. We look forward to your call or e-mail!

Lukinski Contact Person:

• Contact

In the fastest case, we seal already within 14 days at the notary.

Old building apartment: what is an old building? – Definition & Features

Old building apartments stand out in any city centre. The special exterior facade makes this property an eye-catcher among the newer concrete buildings. With the stuccoed walls, the small balconies or wall protrusions, you can quickly call a property an old building. Here you will learn everything about the most important features and characteristics of an old building.

Features of an old building: stuccoed walls, high ceilings & Co.

An old building apartment has many characteristic building elements to offer. In addition to the stucco-decorated interior walls, folding doors and a bay window, the high ceilings are a particular feature of this type of building. Depending on the type of construction, these can rise three to 4.5 metres in height and give the room a lot of freedom and size. Likewise, the classic wooden parts and the herringbone parquet are an unmistakable trademark of an old building. The box-type windows are also part of the architecture. In the old days, double windows were built with a space in between to double insulate the room. However, these are nowadays replaced by newer variants.

Room layout in an old building: small passage rooms and large corridor

Apartments in old buildings are known for their passage rooms, built-in closets and storage rooms. In most cases, the rooms are smaller than in new buildings, but higher. So you should use the space upwards. No other building style offers you such high ceilings and thus the possibility to create storage space, for example. High shelves and large, impressive hanging lamps are possible. In an old building you have many options.

Advantages & disadvantages of an old building flat: renovation, taxes & Co.

Before you invest in an apartment, you should look at the advantages and disadvantages of each type of apartment. From this you can weigh up whether this type of apartment suits you and whether you can make friends with the disadvantages. Especially with an old building apartment, the construction is different than with new buildings. We have compiled a list of the most important aspects for you, so that you can make the right choice.

Advantages: Historic preservation and tax benefits

An apartment in an old building is above all stylish and has its own personal charm. In addition to the aesthetic advantages such as stuccoed ceilings, such an apartment also offers some practical advantages. In most apartments in old buildings you will find a cellar, which can be used as storage space. This is rarely seen, especially in the inner city. In addition, most old houses are listed and if you want to buy one, you have the possibility of 90% of the renovation costs (within the first ten years) tax deductible. The box-type windows also have their advantages. Because of the double pane and the air space in between, they insulate the room and absorb sound. This is no longer the same as today’s standards, but it is a nice side effect.

• High ceilings with stucco
• Monument protection
• Often cellar with storage space

Disadvantages: may need renovation and no elevator.

It is legally determined that a building with a year of construction up to 1949 is titled as an old building. Therefore, it is unfortunately inevitable that you have to include disadvantages with such an old building. If you want to buy an old building, it is often in need of renovation. So you should include the extra costs in your budget. In addition, living in an old apartment is also different from living in a new building. The walls are thinner, which is why it’s more light-hearing and you can hear the old floors creaking. Most of the time there is no elevator in the building and because of the high walls it takes longer to heat up the room. You will learn more about the heating system in old buildings in the course of the article.

• Renovation may be required
• Light-hearing, creaky floor
• Slow heating
• Mostly no elevator

Old building apartment: Who is it right for? Singles, couples, …

Old building apartments are very sought after on the real estate market. The special architecture, the unique charm and the proximity to the city centre are just a few arguments in favour of this apartment. However, this type of property is not suitable for everyone. Seniors in particular would be restricted, as there is often no elevator in the buildings. An old building apartment is also usually too small for large families. Here we present a few groups of people who would ideally fit into an old building apartment.

Students: charming flat share

The special charm of an apartment in an old building is particularly popular with young adults. Often these properties can be found in the middle of the city centre and are therefore ideal for students and especially shared flats. Due to the many small rooms, you can easily live together with three or four people and thus share the rent. The proximity to the university and the flexibility that this offers is also a great advantage.

Singles: freedom and opportunities for development

An old building is also very attractive for singles. The high ceilings offer a lot of design freedom and you have the opportunity to live out decoratively. At the same time, the small rooms and the special architecture lend something cosy and quaint, so that you feel safe and familiar. In addition, the proximity to the city centre and therefore to work is an important and positive side factor. If you want to take a look at other types of apartments, you should definitely take a look at loft apartments or basement apartments!

Couples: family in planning?

Often an apartment in an old building can be found on the outskirts or in different parts of the city. So you are not in the middle of the hustle and bustle of the big city and usually have a little more free space. These properties are particularly suitable for couples with children or small, young families. You have more privacy and are still quickly in the city center. In addition, the small and high rooms offer a lot of room for personal development, but also for potential children’s rooms. So these properties are perfect for a few years before perhaps deciding to buy a house.

What you should consider before buying/renting an apartment in an old building

Especially with older buildings, it is very important to get your own impression of the apartment before buying/renting. Inform yourself exactly about the construction and the building to be prepared for everything. With an old building apartment there are some points that you should consider. We have summarized them for you, so that you can clarify everything in advance and no unexpected costs await you later.

What should be considered when buying?

First of all, you should find out about the condition of your potential property. Apartments in older buildings often require renovation and modernisation, which can lead to additional costs. We recommend that you consult a specialist and an estate agent who can help you with the purchase decision and give you an insight into the costs involved. It is possible, for example, that the exterior façade is damaged and moisture can get into the apartment, causing mould. It is also not uncommon that the statics of old properties need to be repaired to ensure stability. Repair work is also sometimes necessary. So let a specialist help you so that nothing can go wrong.

• Structural condition?
• Statics?
• Repair work?

If you want to learn even more about buying a property, you can find useful tips on the subject in the article Buying a flat.

Rent & Tenants: What to consider when renting?

Even if you decide to rent an old building, there are also some things to consider. Here, too, you should consider possible renovation costs. You should definitely discuss these with the landlord before signing the contract and have them put down in writing. This will protect you, because if any damage is discovered later, you could be stuck with the repair costs. In addition, you should always discuss personal alterations with the landlord. If you plan to change your apartment beyond decoration, we recommend that you get permission for this as well. It could be that you have to hand over the property in its original condition when you move out.

• Record renovations in writing
• Agree changes with landlord

Heating systems in an old building: heating, tips & ancillary costs

In old apartments, it is not always easy to have the right room temperature and at the same time not to drive up the ancillary costs too far. Environmental protection and climate friendliness are aspects that should be kept in mind for every property. If the temperature is set too low, this could lead to mould, if it is too high, the climate will be affected. Here are a few useful tricks to keep your utility costs as low as possible.

Time switch on the heater

Use the timer on your heating to heat energy efficiently. It is recommended that you turn the heating off about an hour before you go to sleep and turn it back on an hour before you wake up. This way, no energy is wasted during the night and your heating bills are lower. There is no heating during the night and yet you wake up in a warm environment. A time switch is therefore ideal in old buildings.

Temperature difference in the rooms

In most cases, old apartments have several small rooms and passageways. So consider in which rooms a continuous heating is necessary and in which not. Keep the temperature lower in rooms that are not often used and higher in your living rooms. This way you keep your utility costs lower and it is still warm in the important rooms. However, make sure to close the doors between rooms with a temperature difference, otherwise the warm air will escape more quickly.

Do not place furniture in front of radiators

In order for the heat to be ideally distributed in the apartment, you should make sure not to place any furniture in front of the radiator. Since the rooms in old apartments are usually larger in volume, this would only further increase the heating phase. Another tip is to keep a small space between your furniture and the wall. This allows the warm air to distribute better and the outer wall does not cool down too much.

Viewing appointment: What to consider & Checklist

Especially if you are planning to buy an old apartment, there are a few things you should consider. You are investing in a property and this decision should not be taken lightly. Investments are always a good idea but especially with old buildings you have to pay attention to some things so that no unexpected costs reach you. We have put together a checklist with the most important aspects that you should consider when visiting a property to buy or rent.

You want to live in the big cities of Germany and have an apartment in the most expensive streets? Here you can find the most expensive streets in Berlin and Hamburg!

What should be considered? – Condition, floor plan and location

As you have already experienced, you have to take some things into consideration, especially with old apartments. Look at the condition of the apartment, decide if it needs renovation or if everything is up to date. What is the layout of the apartment and does it meet your expectations? Often you have to adapt it to the property, because despite the special charm of an old building apartment, the building was built several decades ago. Note the location and infrastructure of the apartment, this could increase or decrease the price at which you would sell the apartment. Are the kitchen and bathroom fitted and what are the service charges? These are just a few aspects to consider. We have put together a checklist for you in the following.

Checklist: For your viewing appointment

Here you will find a checklist with the most important factors that you should definitely take a closer look at when viewing an apartment.

• Sunlight
• Parking
• Pets
• Condition (in need of renovation)
• Floor plan
• Neighbors
• Kitchen/ Bathroom
• Additional rooms
• Heating, water, electrics
• Noise
• Location/ Infrastructure
• Additional costs

Broker: safe investment with top – broker – costs, process & co.

Condominiums are ideal as an investment and are a very safe investment. Especially if you do not have much experience with the purchase of real estate, we recommend that you consult a real estate agent. He or she will advise you on important questions, find properties for you and visit the apartments with you. Real estate investments are not designed for a short-term increase of money, but rather for a good retirement. Therefore, you should approach the matter very carefully and get good advice.

Procedure of a real estate purchase

First of all, you will consult with the real estate agent and you have the opportunity to express your wishes. The real estate agent will now tell you what is possible and he starts with the first research.

Then begins the organizational management. Documents and records are obtained that are important for the purchase of a property. Thereupon the broker begins to find out potential sellers and condominiums for you. Viewing appointments are organized and carried out.

Last but not least, it’s time for negotiations. Negotiations are held with the seller and the purchase contract is drawn up. Afterwards, the estate agent is present at the handover of the keys and ensures that everything runs smoothly. Even after the contract has been signed, the estate agent will be your contact person.

Looking for a professional broker and want to learn even more about the benefits? Take a look!

Financing a condominium: loan or equity?

Do you want to fulfil your dream of owning a condominium or invest in an old building to rent it out afterwards? Then you should inform yourself in detail about the financing of such a property. You need to decide on the right real estate loan and should in the course of many different offers to obtain and compare. The choice of loan will ultimately determine the total cost of your property loan. So it is best to get advice and make the right decision.

Real estate loans and financing: tips, checklist and more

Financing a property can be done in many ways. Here you will find some of the financing options listed with brief summaries. In addition, you will find a link that will take you to more comprehensive articles.

Real estate loan

• Real estate loan adapted to personal needs
• Flexibility should be ensured
• Proper planning is important
• Loan

Financing of an apartment

• No house, but only apartment to finance
• Comparison of different housing financings advisable
• Call in advice
• Real estate financing

Half-timbered house: architectural style, features and architecture

Everyone who grew up in Germany has seen them. But how exactly it is to live in such a house, you probably only know once you get the chance. However, the houses are not for everyone and require a lot of work. You can read about how the construction method influences the living atmosphere here.

Let’s start with the part that seems more interesting to some and not so interesting to others, but which is the basis for understanding the peculiarities of the houses. If architecture doesn’t interest you at all and you’d rather get straight down to the nitty gritty, then just skip ahead to the advantages and disadvantages of the house form.

Half-timbered houses were a good option in the 17th century for building houses from locally available materials. The construction of half-timbering is extremely sophisticated, because the positioning of beams and supporting beams requires great care. In return, at the end of the house construction there was a wind and weather resistant building, which was even able to store heat.

You want to buy or build a house, but don’t know which one is right for you? Then take a look at our guide to house types from A – Z! Here you will find all house types, from bungalow to terraced house!

Construction method: Features and differences

With the industrialization and increasing networking of the world, the local availability of building materials has moved into the background, because the required materials can be imported much easier. However, half-timbered houses are characterized then, as now, by their basic construction of wood.

The exposed wooden beams are also what make up the charm of the houses for many. So if you are thinking of rebuilding a house in the half-timbered style, it is advisable not to plaster it, because that would destroy the characteristic for many.

Before building, you should definitely find out whether the plot of land you have chosen allows for the construction of half-timbered houses. The easiest way to find out whether this is the case is to consult the land register, which is worth looking at anyway before buying a property or house.

In any case, it’s important to know that sourcing materials, as well as finding an engineering firm or architect who knows about timber framing, can be much more difficult than with other types of houses.

Advantages & disadvantages of a half-timbered house: renovation, ancillary costs and more

The positive and negative effects of the shape of the house depend entirely on whether it is a new or an old building. When the building was last renovated can also play a role by having a significant influence on the circumstances of the house.

Advantages: Charm and sustainability?

What makes a timber-framed house special for you personally? This question has a variety of answers, but often the pro argument is sentimental value. Whether you grew up in a town surrounded by half-timbered houses, grandma lived in a half-timbered house, or you’re just fascinated by historic construction, a lot of things make the style special. Plus, a half-timbered house has a lot going for it architecturally:

• Historical charm
• Sustainable construction
• Stable construct

Disadvantages: Redevelopment, monument protection & Co.

Especially the purchase of an old half-timbered house is not exactly associated with the best. Unfortunately, these prejudices are often true. An old building like a half-timbered house often falls into energy efficiency classes E-H, which means it incurs a lot of ancillary costs. In addition, one or the other stone is put in the way during renovation.

• Often in need of renovation
• Monument protection
• Elaborate search for experts

Refurbishment: costs, effort and whether the investment is worthwhile

Buying an old half-timbered house and refurbishing it – many people think this is an option to get a nice home at a reasonable price. This idea comes from the fact that old half-timbered houses are often cheap to get, but there is a reason for that, because the refurbishment of the historic old buildings can go quite into the money. We have found out for you what costs you can expect and what additional hurdles you will have to face.

Refurbishment costs and subsidies: Prices & tips

Are you thinking of buying and renovating a half-timbered house? Then let that go through your head again, because a renovation, especially of a half-timbered house is really expensive. In general, you can expect that, depending on the condition of the property, the preparation costs about 1,200 € / sqm. This is almost the same price that you pay for a new building.

The only advantage: the refurbishment of the old buildings is supported by subsidies. Namely in the form of a loan with a repayment subsidy. Other options to finance the construction of the house and what exactly is hidden behind the different forms of credit, we tell you in the course of this article.

Monument protection: How do I find out whether my house is a listed building?

In itself, historic preservation is a positive thing, because it aims to preserve historical memories and bring a piece of the past into the present and future. However, at the same time it sometimes makes it difficult for buyers of old buildings, especially often half-timbered houses, to enjoy the conversion of the house.

Finding out whether a house is a listed building turns out to be quite easy. A simple phone call to the Historic Preservation Office is often all it takes to get the information. Just have the address of the property ready and simply ask.

Investment: Half-timbered houses as an investment or for asset accumulation?

Of course, it is possible that a refurbished half-timbered house brings in more money than you originally put into the good piece. However, one often used up time for information gain, endless planning and nerves, the upgrade has cost not counted in the cost calculation.

You only see expenses vs. income, but that’s a mistake because there is actually money to be made in real estate, but not so much by upgrading timbered houses, but rather by investing smartly. Should you continue to be convinced about upgrading a timbered house, hopefully we’ve already given you some ideas, but here we’ll tell you how to use real estate as an investment and increase your money.

Open and closed-end real estate funds: Real Estate Investments & Funds

Especially if you’re not quite in a position to buy your own property yet, real estate funds are a great way to make money in real estate with comparatively little risk. Open-ended real estate funds constantly change their portfolio, while closed-end real estate funds maintain their investments.

Investment funds work according to the community principle. This means that the fund starts with a certain basic amount. This is invested proportionately in various real estate projects. Which projects these are depends on the theme of the fund and the manager. You are part of a group of investors who share the investments and thus also the returns. Your profit is therefore determined by the performance of the fund and the amount of money you want to invest.

It is especially important for us to tell you that you should only invest money that you have at your disposal, because investments on the capital market should, unless you are experienced in trading, be long-term to yield profits. Also a conversation with bank advisors makes sense in case you want to gain first experience in the financial market.

Making profits from property rentals: Tips for landlords

If you look at the topic of earning money with real estate, you will always find the statement that renting is the only option to earn money with real estate in the long term. But how much money can you actually earn by renting out and what taxes do you have to pay in the course of rental income? We’ll tell you.

If you are still paying off the property, you will of course have to pay regular instalments to the bank. Apart from that, you pay taxes on renting and leasing properties. In addition, there are maintenance costs and, depending on the rental agreement, minor repairs. Is your rented property a holiday home and you are not on site for most of the year? Then you may have to deduct additional costs for a service provider from your income.

Profit = Rental income – (Taxes + maintenance + house payments + additional service charges)

Capital investments: Interviews & tips from experts

The points mentioned here are reported very neutrally, so that you can form your own opinion about the options of investing in real estate. If you want to know more about real estate as an investment, the advantages and disadvantages of funds and how real estate compares to other investments, then you can visit this article, where we among other things about the comparison of money investment in gold and real estate:

• Real estate as an investment

Buying property: What to look for in timber-framed houses

You’ve been thinking about buying a half-timbered house for a while now, or at least you can’t get the idea of owning one out of your head? Then we offer you here exclusive tips on how to find the perfect property for you and what you should pay attention to so that your investment has a particularly high probability of being profitable.

Checklist for timber-framed houses: efficiency class and ancillary costs

What does a half-timbered house have to offer to make the investment worthwhile? Particularly with half-timbered houses, great care is required when buying, because hidden traps can open up after the purchase if you have not already paid attention to the details of the house in advance.

Of course, the age and condition of the house are particularly important. How much renovation is the property in need of, what does the insulation look like and what is written on the energy certificate, because this provides information about the consumption of the house in primary energy in kilowatt hours per year and square meter. This also quickly reveals potential heating costs

It also helps to identify the need for optimisation of the house. And don’t forget: renovations of the heating, ventilation and energy system are subsidised by the state. You should pay attention to the following things:

• Monument protection
• Insulation
• Energy efficiency class
• Heating system
• Ventilation

House building & house purchase financing: useful tips and options

To make sure that nothing stands in the way of your dream of owning your own home, we have summarised a few popular financing options. If you want to learn more about the individual topics, click on the link below the summary to be redirected.

Annuity Loans: Explanation, advantages & disadvantages

This loan is the most frequently chosen form of real estate financing. Annuity loans are very easy to adapt to your own circumstances, as the repayments can be spread flexibly over the repayment period. The time period can also be adjusted quickly and offers options from 5 – 30 years depending on the amount of the loan and personal creditworthiness. Annuity loans currently offer the most favourable, constant interest rate.

• Annuity Loans: Advantages, disadvantages, repayment plan and explanation

Building loan: Interest, calculation & Co.

For a construction loan it is equally important to fit the creditworthiness of the individual. For this reason, it makes sense to compare the offers of different providers to find the right one for you. Because building loans are often fixed offers, which are less flexible in the interpretation, but also partly offer very attractive interest rates.

• Construction Loan: Current interest, interest rate, interest rate development, calculation.

Real estate loan: equity, interest, tips & comparisons

You’ve already found the right house and don’t even need to build it? Then take distance from the construction financing and look around at real estate loans. It is important with the real estate loan, as with all other financing options, that you do not use any offer from the Internet, but compare, get advice and make personal requirements. These should be adapted to your own financial requirements.

• Real estate loan: bank, loan, equity, interest, comparison + tips

Legal Portion Despite Disinheritance – You have these Rights

In many families there are conflicts, which often lead to parents wanting to disinherit their children. The parents must determine this wish in their will. Much more common, however, is the desire to disinherit the children only until both spouses are dead. This is possible with the so-called Berlin will. The longer living spouse is therefore first the sole heir and only after his death the common children inherit. Learn here which alternatives the law offers and how the legal portion is determined.

Disinheriting Relatives – Will, Inheritance Contract, Berlin Testament

Basically, each person is free to decide who to appoint as heirs and who to disinherit. The testator does not have to justify in his will why he excludes a relative from the succession. However, an exclusion does not mean that the heir receives nothing, because every heir is entitled to a compulsory portion. This entitlement must be requested by the heir himself, because the certificate of inheritance does not mention these entitlements to a compulsory portion. If a testator sets a person as sole heir, this means on the one hand that this person alone inherits the entire estate but also that no one else should inherit who would actually be entitled to inherit.

Married couples can disinherit close relatives together in an inheritance contract or a Berliner Testament. In a classic form of the Berlin Testament, the spouses stipulated that the partner who lived longer would become the sole heir and the children would only inherit when both spouses had died. The parents therefore disinherit their children until both have died. If someone is disinherited, the part of the inheritance that would have been due to this heir is due to the person who would have become heir if the disinherited had already died at the time of the inheritance.

The Entitlement – Only the Next of Kin Receive the Compulsory Portion

Despite disinheritance, close relatives are entitled to part of the assets. This fact is based in the law on the duty of care that the deceased has for his close relatives even after his death. However, this applies only to the next of kin, which, according to the law, are determined as follows: Close relatives include legitimate, illegitimate and adopted children, the spouse, as long as the marriage is still effective at the time of inheritance, partners in a registered same-sex partnership and parents of the deceased, if there are no children. Grandchildren are only eligible if they have been excluded from the inheritance and their parents are no longer alive. Siblings and grandparents of the deceased are not entitled to a compulsory portion of the inheritance and are therefore not to be understood as close relatives. Whoever is disinherited must assert a right to the legal portion of heir’s estate against the other heirs.The Amount – this is how the compulsory portion is calculated

The compulsory portion is half of the legal inheritance that the person is entitled to. For the exact calculation, all relatives must be taken into account, both the heirs and the disinherited, as well as those who have rejected the inheritance. Those who are not taken into consideration are those who have already renounced the inheritance during the testator’s lifetime.

The example explains the distribution of the inheritance as follows: There is a testator who leaves three children as heirs. Child1 has already rejected the inheritance during the testator’s lifetime. Child2 has been disinherited by the testator and must claim his compulsory portion from Child3, who has been designated as sole heir in the will. In a normal inheritance case, each child would receive one third of the estate. Since Kind1 has already waived the inheritance during his lifetime, this is removed from the calculation. The inheritance is therefore divided half each between Child2 and Child3. As Child2 was disinherited, he is only entitled to the legal portion of heir, i.e. half of his actual inheritance. Child2 thus inherits a quarter of the inheritance and child3, as sole heir, inherits three quarters of the inheritance.</block quota>.
If the odds are clearly calculated, the value of the discount can be determined to find out how much is allocated to each odds. Decisive for this second calculation is the market value. Our property valuation explains the methods. This is based on the amount that the heirs could obtain in the event of a sale. For this determination it is often necessary to have the value of real estate, companies or land estimated by experts. The costs incurred for this, however, reduce the right to the compulsory portion. It is therefore advisable, especially for small estates, to determine the value without an expert and to agree among themselves on a compulsory portion.

Remove compulsory portion – these are the Testators’ Rights

Under special circumstances it is possible for parents to disinherit their children completely and also to withdraw the compulsory portion from them. This wish must be expressly ordered and justified in the will. The BGB sets out some reasons for a complete disinheritance. In § 2333 BGB the following is listed, who can be completely disinherited:

• Seeks to kill the testator or a close relative
• Has been sentenced to imprisonment without parole for a criminal offence for at least one year, or is being held in a psychiatric hospital or rehab facility for that reason
• Has committed a crime against the testator or a person close to the testator. This includes, for example, theft or bodily injury.
• Killed the testator or both parents

In general, it must be unreasonable for the testator to leave his share to the beneficiary of the compulsory portion as the minimum economic participation. No reason for a complete disinheritance is, for example, a child who has broken off all contact with the parents and does not care for them. If a child is disinherited in the will and the testator forgives this child however before the death, the disposition in the will is ineffective.

Claims for a compulsory portion are subject to a limitation period of three years. This begins with the end of the year in which the claim arose. As a rule, this means on 01 January of the year following the year of death.

The Most Important Questions on the Subject of the Legal Portion of Heirship

The issue of the compulsory portion and disinheritance in the will is a difficult one that often raises questions among those affected. To ensure that you are well informed and do not make any mistakes regarding deadlines or form, the Lukinski experts will answer all important questions on the subject of the legal portion of heir.

How much is the compulsory portion in percent?

The compulsory portion of a disinherited relative is half of the inheritance share that is actually due. The percentage must be determined on a case-by-case basis, as it depends on how many co-heirs there are and how much of the inheritance is.

How high is the compulsory portion with 3 children?

If the inheritance is divided equally among three children, each would receive one third of the estate. If one of the three is disinherited and therefore demands the legal portion of heir, he would receive half of the inheritance that he would actually have been entitled to. In this example one sixth of the inheritance.

Can a compulsory portion become time-barred?

A compulsory portion shall become time-barred after three years. The period begins on January 1 of the year following the year of death.

Can the compulsory portion be refused?

In order to receive a legal portion of heir, the heir must claim it. If he does not do so, the claim expires after three years. The heir with a right to the compulsory portion does not have to reject it, but simply does not have to claim it.

What is the compulsory portion in the case of disinheritance?

If an heir has been disinherited by the testator in the will, the testator is still entitled to a legal portion of heir. This compulsory portion amounts to half of the legal inheritance.

Can the compulsory portion be claimed during one’s lifetime?

The compulsory portion can be paid by the testator during his or her lifetime in the form of a gift or compensation to the disinherited relative. A claim is not possible, only an agreement with the testator allows this alternative.

Heating with electricity through infrared rays

When building a house, there is always the question of the right heating system. Here there are many variants that need to be considered, and infrared heating is one of them. The model shows many advantages that adapt well to different living situations. But under what conditions is the installation of infrared heating worthwhile and how exactly does heating with electricity actually work?

Pleasant and healthy heat through infrared rays

The radiation of the infrared heating works differently than other heating systems, because the radiation does not warm the air in the room, but directly the body. This includes not only the human body, but also walls, ceilings or floors and even the furniture. The principle can be compared to sunbathing in winter. Due to this technique, the heat is already perceived by the body as pleasantly warm at low temperatures. This means that only low temperatures are necessary, thus saving electricity and heating costs. Another advantage of infrared heating is that the rooms do not have to be preheated for a long time so that the body is pleasantly warm. This provides comfortable warmth and thus increases the well-being and health.

Installing infrared heating – low installation work & low costs

The installation for an infrared heater is very simple. All that is needed are the heating elements in the room and also a power socket nearby. Other heating systems require pipes that need to be laid throughout the house, as well as boilers, hot water tanks and the radiators that need to be connected. This incurs installation and material costs and labour wages for tradesmen. With infrared heating, depending on the model (wall-mounted, ceiling-mounted, floor-standing or suspended), no or only minimal installation work is required. The costs for installation are therefore significantly lower than the costs for the installation of other heating systems.

The durability of infrared heaters also compares favorably to other heating systems. Most heating systems require regular maintenance to maintain performance. This incurs not inconsiderable costs for repair and maintenance, which should be included in long-term planning. Infrared heating is generally considered to be very cost effective in this area. It has a long life and does not require maintenance, as it has a very simple structure and the few components are not susceptible to damage.

Installing infrared heating as a supplement to other heating systems

Especially in old buildings, infrared heating offers a good addition to already existing heating systems. When expanding within an already existing heating system, it is usually difficult to lay new pipes, as this is time-consuming and expensive. An alternative is offered here by infrared heating, which can heat additional rooms in combination with the original heating system, and this simply at the socket. The low installation effort and the low initial costs attract builders and property owners. The low maintenance costs compensate for the relatively high operating costs and speak for infrared heating. But also with the occasional heating of rooms the infrared heating is a good alternative. The short time for preheating and the individual use of the system is advantageous for heating certain rooms only rarely or on certain occasions.

Installing infrared heating as the sole heating system

In new construction, heating alone with infrared heating is not a problem. The modern insulation that is installed during construction provides sufficient heat in the rooms. In old buildings, the whole thing looks a little different. Here the infrared heating is worthwhile as a sole heating system only under certain conditions, so that the heat is not lost, the building must have a certain insulation. The better the insulation of the building, the more lucrative the use of infrared heating. When renovating and refurbishing an old building, it is no problem to strengthen the insulation and install an infrared heating system.

Tip! Heating system in comparison

Save up to 55% costs (heat energy)? Tip! Not only already, but practically? Save energy with the heating system in your property. Use the next time for renovation or your upcoming new building. Here you will find our guide heating systems: solar, oil, gas, heat pump, pellets in comparison and as extra, state subsidies. Continue reading here:

• Heating system: comparison

Advantages and disadvantages at a glance

Advantages of infrared heating

Infrared heating is a worthwhile alternative to other conventional heating systems and offers a number of advantages for both old and new buildings.

Rapid feeling of warmth throughout the room despite low temperatures

Infrared heating warms rooms not through the air, but by infrared rays directly warming the body. The body stores this heat and carries it around with it, whereby the heat is perceived as the same in the entire room. Due to the heat storage in the body, low room temperatures are sufficient to create pleasant comfortable temperatures.

Healthy indoor climate for allergy sufferers

Unlike conventional heating systems, infrared heating does not stir up dust, which keeps the dust concentration in the air low. For dust, animal hair but also pollen allergy sufferers, the air is easier to breathe and also asthmatics can breathe easier. A spreading of allergy substances in the room is avoided, which leads to less dust spreading and thus cleaner air.

Positive effect on the body

The infrared heater warms the body through radiant heat from IR-A infrared radiation. This radiation penetrates a few millimetres into our skin and thus increases the tissue temperature. We feel a pleasant warmth through this technique, comparable to sunbathing. The increased tissue temperature dilates the blood vessels and promotes blood circulation. Comparable to a red light treatment, the infrared rays can have a tension-relieving effect and thus be beneficial to health in the case of muscle complaints or back pain.

Variable and advantageous costs

The purchase costs for an infrared heater are very low. Only the heating panels are needed and a power outlet. Compared to other heating systems where many materials and installation costs are incurred, the infrared heating is probably the cheapest in the purchase.

When using an infrared heater, heating costs are only incurred when heating is actually taking place, i.e. only when it is switched on. The less heat is needed, the lower the costs are.

Since the body already feels the low radiant heat of the infrared rays as pleasant and stores them, the heater does not have to run at high temperatures like other models to create a comfortable indoor climate. The operating costs can therefore be kept as low as possible.

Since the infrared heating consists of few and simple components that are not susceptible to malfunctions, the infrared heating has a long life and low maintenance costs.

Disadvantages of infrared heating

But infrared heating also has some disadvantages that property owners and builders need to consider before making the purchase.

High costs for electricity and operating costs

Heating with electricity is comparatively rather expensive. Electricity prices fluctuate constantly, which means that the operating costs for infrared heating also vary. To keep electricity costs as low as possible, the property should have good insulation so that as little heat as possible is lost to the outside.

Carbon dioxide emissions and environmental friendliness

Heating with electricity is not environmentally friendly. It even produces higher carbon dioxide emissions than conventional heating systems. By combining it with green electricity or a photovoltaic system, the eco-balance can be improved, but even then there is still a high environmental impact.

Room temperature difficult to determine

The room temperature is difficult to measure because it is perceived by our own body as warmer than it actually is. The temperature of the room is therefore always somewhat lower than our sensation. Thus, the temperature of the room can be determined but not the temperature we feel.

Heating guide: types, prices & comparison

Heating & Types – The topic of heating is not only interesting for builders, but also for property owners. After all, heaters are not only necessary in a property, they are also required by law. Which types of heating are there, how do they have to be maintained and are there legal subsidies for the construction of certain types of heating or do the costs have to be paid completely by the owner? Especially when building a house or renovating and modernising, the heating system plays a decisive role, because a large part of the later running costs depend on it, for you or for your tenants.

When deciding on a heating system, a number of things need to be considered, as there are major differences. Depending on the property, it must be decided individually which system is best suited to efficiently heat the entire property. The systems differ not only in environmental friendliness, but also in efficiency and price. Solar, oil, gas, heat pump, pellets:

• Heating: Comparison & Costs